Deck 1: The Urban World

Question 1

According to the text, urban places have been on this globe __________.

A)since humans inhabited the earth
B)for about 300,000 years
C)approximately 50,000 years
D)approximately 7,000 -10,000 years

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In Latin, the term __________ referred to the political nature of the community.

A)civitas
B)mos
C)urbs
D)metropolis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In Latin, the term __________ referred to the built (physical) form of the city.

A)civitas
B)mos
C)urbs
D)metropolis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

A)By the beginning of the 1800s, 13.6% of the world's population lived in places of 5,000 or more.
B)In 1900 the proportion of the world's population living in cities of 100,000 or more was approximately 25.5 percent.
C)By 1900, the world was 60 percent urban.
D)World-wide, the number of urban dwellers surpassed rural dwellers for the first time in 1900.

Question 5

Some 120 years ago, in the year 1900, only ____ percent of the world's population lived in places of 100,000 or more.

A)none
B)1.7
C)15.5
D)27

Question 6

Regarding world population trends, demographically, which century can be characterized as the world's first urban century?

A)the 18^th century
B)the 19^th century
C) the 20^th century
D)the 21^st century

Question 7

The first country to enter the industrial age and undergo the urban transformation was __________.

A) the Netherlands
B)England
C) the United States
D)France

Question 8

According to the text, which of the following is true?

A)Massive urbanization was first observed in Asia in the 1800s.
B) The United States first had half its population residing in urban places in 1900.
C)Between 1850 and 1950, the most rapid urban growth took place in European countries and countries settled by Europeans.
D)Canada first had half its population residing in urban places in 1950.

Question 9

The UN estimates that there are over __________ cities of over a million inhabitants in the world today.

A)400
B) 600
C) 700
D) 900

Question 10

The term, "urban revolution" refers to __________.

A)the rapid growth of cities in the fertile crescent over 5000 years ago
B)the explosion of urban places that occurred in the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome
C)the rapid growth of cities during the 19^th and 20^th centuries
D)the growth in first world cities expected to occur in the 21^st century

Question 11

Which of the following is the United Nations' definition of "megacity"?

A) a locality with 500,000 or more inhabitants
B)a city with 1 million or more inhabitants
C) an area with over 5 million inhabitants
D)a place with over 10 million inhabitants

Question 12

The World Bank estimates that there are approximately __________ megacities in the world today.

A) 10
B)14
C) 26
D)38

Question 13

Approximately __________ of the world's 26 megacities are found in developing countries today.

A) 5
B)12
C) 15
D)21

Question 14

According to the text, the bulk of the world's population growth is now occurring in __________.

A)cities of the developing world
B)cities of the developed, industrialized world
C)rural areas of the developing world
D)rural areas of the developed, industrialized world

Question 15

The urban explosion that occurred in the 19^th and 20^th centuries was aided by which of the following reasons?

A)increasing fertility rates
B)the beginning of scientific management of agriculture
C)political instability and government turmoil
D)the prevalence of traditional methods of agriculture and farming

Question 16

According to the text, the heavy urbanization in the developing world had been largely __________ phenomenon.

A)a post U.S. Revolutionary War
B)a post U.S. Civil War
C)a post World War I
D)a post World War II

Question 17

The text cites UN statistics that indicate that there currently are __________ urban slum dwellers in the world.

A)225,000 million
B)500,000 million
C)1 billion
D)4 billion

Question 18

Today one out of ______ urban residents lives in a megacity

A)three
B)ten
C)twenty-five
D)fifty

Question 19

When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of administrative functions, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.

A)cultural
B)political
C)economic
D)demographic

Question 20

When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of the percentage of people engaged in nonagricultural occupations, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.

A)cultural
B)political
C)economic
D)demographic

Question 21

When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of a "state of mind, body of customs and traditions", one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.

A)cultural
B)political
C)economic
D)demographic

Question 22

When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of the population size, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.

A)cultural
B)political
C)economic
D)demographic

Question 23

The term "gesellschaft" would most appropriately be associated with a __________ definition of city.

A)cultural
B)political
C)economic
D)demographic

Question 24

According to UN data "urban" is __________.

A)a place of at least 5,000 inhabitants
B)a place of at least 100,000 inhabitants
C)a place of at least 500,000 inhabitants
D)whatever a nation defines it as

Question 25

The United Nations has urban data for some 228 countries. How does it define "urban"?

A)it accepts each nation's definition of what is considered urban.
B)it has accepted a uniform definition of what is considered urban.
C)it has accepted the developed world definition of what is considered urban.
D)none of the above.

Question 26

Politically or administratively, a national government may define its urban areas in terms of functions. Roughly half of the nations of which the United Nations has data use

A)economic criteria.
B)administrative criteria.
C)density criteria.
D)size criteria.

Question 27

According to the U.S. Census definition of "urban", approximately __________ percent of the U.S. population is considered to be urban.

A)60-65
B)75-80
C)85-90
D)95-100

Question 28

Urbanism includes __________.

A) social-psychological aspects of urban life
B)metropolitan growth patterns
C) measurements and comparisons of rural vs. urban population
D) the process of people moving to cities or other densely settled areas

Question 29

According to the definition used by the United States Bureau of the Census for the 2010 census, __________ of the United States population is urban.

A)half
B)two-thirds
C)three-quarters
D)all

Question 30

Definitions of "urbanization" focus on __________.

A)social patterns and behaviors associated with living in cities
B)psychological aspects of city life
C)values, customs, and traditions connected to urban life
D)the percentage of a population living in urban areas

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true?

A) It is not possible to live in an area with a high level of urbanization and a low level of urbanism.
B)Urbanization and urbanism are essentially the same thing, so if you live in an area with high urbanization, you will automatically experience a high degree of urbanism.
C) It is possible to live in an area with a high level of urbanization and a low level of urbanism.
D) One cannot live in an area that has a low level of urbanization and a high level of urbanism.

Question 32

The text suggests that urbanism as a way of life __________.

A) is virtually universal in the United States
B)has not significantly influenced the attitude and cultural patterns of rural areas
C) is a myth created by the media
D)destroys simpler rural values

Question 33

Vidich and Bensman's, Small Town in Mass Society, documents how __________.

A)a rural village was able to withstand the onslaughts of urbanization and bureaucratization
B)the town was totally dependent on outside political and economic institutions
C)village residents were free from cultural and behavioral patterns associated with urbanism
D)the town residents saw themselves as sophisticated city residents, just like the larger population

Question 34

In Small Town in Mass Society, the authors showed __________.

A) how rural values controlled town actions
B) that rugged individualists can be self-sustaining and independent
C) that the Internet has shrunk distances
D)that the residents were influenced greatly by outside political and economic institutions

Question 35

According to the text, which of the following approaches to the study of urban life is the most micro-level oriented?

A)human ecological
B)political economy
C)social cultural
D)urbanization

Question 36

The text concludes that regarding the relationship between urbanization and health status in 19^th and 20^th century American cities, __________.

A)inhabitants of large cities were consistently healthier than inhabitants of rural areas or small towns
B)the healthiest inhabitants resided in small towns, but rural residents were healthier than city residents
C)rural residents were far healthier than either city or small-town residents
D)there was no difference between the health of city, town, or rural residents

Question 37

Sociologists use dichotomous typologies of logical constructs called __________.

A) economic patterns
B)rural gemeinschaft
C) classic writings
D)ideal types

Question 38

The late 19^th century European social theorist who argued that the final struggle of mature, urban industrial capitalism would be between the capitalists and urban workers was __________.

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Ferdinand Tonnes
D)Georg Simmel

Question 39

According to the text, the most important 19^th century European social theorist was __________.

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Ferdinand Tonnes
D)Georg Simmel

Question 40

The late 19^th/early 20^th century European social theorist who developed the concepts of organic and mechanical solidarity was __________.

A)Max Weber
B)Ferdinand Tonnes
C)Emile Durkheim
D)Georg Simmel

Question 41

The late 19^th/early 20^th century European social theorist who developed the concepts of "gesellschaft" and "gemeinschaft" was __________.

A)Max Weber
B)Ferdinand Tonnes
C)Emile Durkheim
D)Georg Simmel

Question 42

The late 19^th/early 20^th century European social theorist who developed the concepts of "traditional" and "rational" society was __________.

A)Max Weber
B)Ferdinand Tonnes
C)Emile Durkheim
D)Georg Simmel

Question 43

Which of the following theorists developed the idea of "folk" and "urban" societies?

A)Robert Park
B)Booker T. Washington
C)Georg Simmel
D)Robert Redfield

Question 44

The shift from a warm, supportive community to a larger, more impersonal society has been defined as a movement from __________.

A) "gesellschaft" to "gemeinschaft"
B)"traditional" to "common" society
C) "urban" to "folk" society
D)"organic" to "mechanical" solidarity

Question 45

The contrast of societies said to possess "mechanical solidarity" to those with "organic solidarity" is attributed to which of the following theorists?

A)George Simmel
B)Robert Redfield
C)Hans Gerth
D)Emile Durkheim

Question 46

In describing the movement from simple folk to urban society, early social theorists have tended to assume __________.

A) change is inevitable and irreversible (unilinear)
B)modern life stresses ascription (family ties) over achievement (individual accomplishments)
C) characteristics associated with city life apply only to certain people
D)the city is the mirror to the past

Question 47

The scientific study of urbanism and urbanization during the 1920s and 1930s was most heavily associated with which university?

A)Harvard University
B)the University of Chicago
C)Stanford University
D)the University of Wisconsin

Question 48

__________ wrote, "Urbanism as a Way of Life" which the text considers to be the most influential essay in urban studies.

A)Robert Park
B)Booker T. Washington
C)Louis Wirth
D)Robert Redfield

Question 49

Which of the following does the text consider to be the "most influential essay in urban studies"?

A)The Ghetto
B)The Jack Roller
C)Urbanism as a Way of Life
D)The Gold Coast and the Slum

Question 50

Cities are a relatively new invention in human existence, having existed for approximately 7,000 to 10,000 years.

Question 51

The period of social, economic, and cultural dominance of cities in human life is estimated to be longer than the existence of the cities themselves.

Question 52

The terms "civilization" and "civilized" come from the Latin, civis, meaning a citizen living in the city.

Question 53

In Roman times, civitas referred to the form and physical layout of the city.

Question 54

Demographically for the world the 21^st century is the first urban century.

Question 55

Over 100 years ago in the year 1900 the population of the world was still 95 percent rural.

Question 56

The rapidity of the change from rural to urban life is at least as important as the amount of urbanization.

Question 57

During the 19^th century and the first half of the 20^th century, the slowest urban growth took place in European countries and in countries largely settled by Europeans.

Question 58

The United States had half its population residing in urban places for the
first time in 1920.

Question 59

The first country in the world to undergo the urban transformation and become a predominantly urban nation was France.

Question 60

The rapid growth of cities during the 19^th and 20^th centuries is sometimes referred to as the urban revolution.

Question 61

In the world today, there are approximately 200 cities with populations over one million persons.

Question 62

Today, almost all urban growth is taking place in rapidly growing cities of the developing world.

Question 63

Today, developed western nations are experiencing rapid urban growth.

Question 64

According to the United Nations' definition, a "megacity" is a place with over 10 million inhabitants.

Question 65

There are 73 megacities in the world, today.

Question 66

Today, slightly over half of the world's population is urban-based.

Question 67

In the industrialized western nations, urbanization is a many centuries old phenomenon.

Question 68

Heavy urbanization in the developing world is largely a post-World War II phenomenon.

Question 69

The pace of urbanization in developing countries has been much slower than that found during the 19^th century in Europe or North America.

Question 70

The urban population living in developing countries is expected to stagnate in the 21 century.

Question 71

The urban population living in Europe is expected to decline in the 21^st century.

Question 72

A definition of urban settlements based upon administrative functions is considered to be a political definition.

Question 73

Cultural, political, and economic definitions of urban areas are essentially the same.

Question 74

A problem with cultural definitions of an urban place is that they don't provide a means of precise measurement.

Question 75

According to the United Nations definition, a city is a locality with 500,000 or more inhabitants.

Question 76

Politically or administratively, a national government may define its urban areas in terms of administrative criteria.

Question 77

Urbanism is defined as the number of people in urban places and
urbanization is the sociocultural consequences of living in urban places.

Question 78

Urbanization is used to describe the changes in social organization as a consequence of population concentration.

Question 79

Urbanism is described demographically, as the percentage of a nation's total population living in urban areas.

Question 80

Under the label of urbanism is found research concerning the social psychological aspects of urban life, urban personality patterns, and the behavioral adaptations required by city life.