Deck 12: Health Inequalities, Environmental Racism, and Environmental Justice

Question 1

In one generation between 1940 and 1999, more than _________African Americans died prematurely relative to Whites.

A) 2 million
B) 3 million
C) 4 million
D) 5 million

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The highest COVID-19 death rate in Michigan is in zip code 48325, which is ______ African American and has a high poverty rate?

A) 97%
B) 87%
C) 77%
D) 67%

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One study in Baltimore found that neighborhoods with a high percentage of African Americans are more likely to have __________ than White communities:

A) CBD shops.
B) pharmacies.
C) liquor stores.
D) natural remedy stores.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Over ______ of babies born to Black women with a college degree had low birth weight, as compared to 8% of babies born to White women without __________.

A) 25%; a college degree
B) 20%; a high school degree
C) 15%; a college degree.
D) 10%; a high school degree

Question 5

Dr. Whitney Pirtle argues that _______ _________ is a fundamental cause of COVID-19 because it fundamentally influences how the disease spreads and reproduces itself.

A) racist policies
B) racial capitalism
C) racial discrimination
D) systemic racism

Question 6

The highest COVID-19 death rate in Michigan is in zip code 48325, which is _______ African American and has a high poverty rate.

A) 67%
B) 77%
C) 87%
D) 97%

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a reason that racial residential segregation is the primary cause of Black/White health disparities?

A) It affects the educational opportunities of children.
B) It is the preferred place to live for African Americans.
C) It concentrates poverty and resources.
D) It forces many African Americans to live in environments that are unhealthy on a variety of levels.

Question 8

David Williams and Chiquita Collins (2001) explain that neighborhoods with unsafe streets where people are scared to exercise, with more advertisements for alcohol and tobacco, and higher rates of violent crime are experiencing:

A) pathogenic residential conditions.
B) criminalized residential conditions.
C) socially infectious residential conditions.
D) racist residential conditions.

Question 9

Diane Lauderdale (2006) found that Arab women had higher rates of birth outcomes six months after what event?

A) COVID pandemic
B) September 11^th
C) Muslim ban on flights
D) Oklahoma City bombing

Question 10

Other researchers found that infants born to Latina mothers had a 24% higher risk of low birth weight after:

A) COVID pandemic.
B) Violent attack on Latinos at an El Paso, Walmart.
C) A mass deportation on the southern border.
D) A traumatic immigration raid that happened in Postville, Iowa.

Question 11

A study of emergency room care providers found _______ _______ against Native American adults and children, which likely affected their care.

A) individual racism
B) colorblind racism
C) implicit biases
D) harmful stereotyping

Question 12

A framework used to explain how health outcomes change over the life course is a:

A) life-course perspective.
B) life-course examination.
C) life-course review.
D) life-course perception.

Question 13

A framework used to explain the increasing divergence between Black and White health outcomes that focuses on how disadvantages accumulate over the life course is called a(n):

A) accumulating inequality perspective.
B) conglomerative constraint perspective.
C) disparate health perspective.
D) cumulative disadvantage perspective.

Question 14

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Black workers are laid off more and hired less. If researchers connect higher rates of COVID deaths among Black patients to stress from being unemployed, this is called the:

A) racialized medical systems.
B) cumulative disadvantage perspective.
C) life-course perspective.
D) weathering hypothesis.

Question 15

A recent study found that although Blacks and Mexican Americans have worse health outcomes than Whites overall:

A) Mexican Americans higher likelihood of having a serious medical condition does not increase with age.
B) Black people have better coping mechanisms than White people.
C) Mexican Americans do not use drugs as frequently as White people.
D) Black women are more likely to ask for help than White women.

Question 16

Poor or low-income disabled people of color face all of the following EXCEPT:

A) less likely to have a bank account.
B) less likely to seek medical care due to its high cost.
C) more likely to borrow from a family member.
D) more likely to use pawn shops, payday lender, and tax-refund loans.

Question 17

Which of the following are related to genetics?

A) Certain glaucoma drugs work better for African Americans.
B) A particular drug requires a lower dose for Asians.
C) Certain side effects do not occur in Latinos.
D) None of the above

Question 18

A lack of plumbing disproportionately affects racial communities. Which group has the highest rates of living without plumbing?

A) Poor Whites
B) Native Americans
C) Blacks
D) Mexicans

Question 19

Camila Alvarez and Kathryn Norton-Smith (2018) measured estimated cancer risk for air toxins in immigrant communities. They found that the destinations where Latin American immigrants were moving to:

A) had higher than average estimated cancer risk from air toxins.
B) had lower than average estimated cancer risk from air toxins.
C) had very little air toxins.
D) Had higher than average estimated cancer and heart disease risk from air toxins.

Question 20

In January 2015, during the water crisis, Flint Michigan was found to be in violation of the:

A) Clean Water Act.
B) Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.
C) Safe Drinking Water Act.
D) Toxic Substances Control Act.

Question 21

Please provide an example of racial capitalism.

Question 22

Persons of low socioeconomic status, Blacks, and Latinos have higher obesity rates than the general population. What do public health scholars suggest may provide an explanation?

Question 23

Public health scholar James Jackson and his colleagues have found that African Americans have developed coping strategies to deal with stress, but that these same strategies ultimately have negative health outcomes. What are some of these strategies?

Question 24

Scholars who adopt the weathering perspective making Black Americans age more quickly than Whites. What are some social, economic, or environmental conditions they face?

Question 25

Researchers found that there were positive factors associated with acculturation among Latinos. What were they?

Question 26

What were the findings of a study between acculturation and diabetes risk among Arab Americans in south-eastern Louisiana?

Question 27

A 2007 report on grassroots efforts against environmental racism used the 2000 census data and databases of hazardous waste facilities to find out if there were racial disparities in the location of toxic waste facilities. What did they find?

Question 28

Melissa Checker (2006) conducted an in-depth study of Hyde Park. What were some of their experiences trying to gain environmental justice?

Question 29

What are the global effects of hazardous waste?

Question 30

Dr. James Marion Sims is sometimes called the father of American gynecology. He often used enslaved, involuntary subjects for experiments. Please share what you have learned about his "treatment" and experimentation?

Question 31

American Indians are about twice as likely as Whites to die from diabetes. What role did the federal government play in transforming their diets?

Question 32

Obesity and weight-related beliefs and attitudes differ between African American and White women. What are they?

Question 33

What does Dorothy Roberts explain is the primary motive for finding genetic explanations for diseases and/or illnesses?

Question 34

What do we learn from the Holt family of Dickson, Tennessee?