Deck 5: The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the major component of the RBC that accounts for the red color?

A) hemoglobin
B) myoglobin
C) carboxyhemoglobin
D) methemoglobin

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What percent of the total body weight can be attributed to blood?

A) 8%
B) 4%
C) 12%
D) 16%

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the normal adult male,what is the hematocrit value?

A) 45%
B) 40%
C) 55%
D) 50%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

.What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

A) transport O₂ to tissues and CO₂ to the lungs
B) transport nutrients and waste products
C) regulate pH of blood
D) form clots

Question 5

What is the average blood volume in adult males?

A) 5-6 L
B) 3-4 L
C) 6-7 L
D) 4-5L

Question 6

Which anemia results from an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder?

A) Sickle cell
B) hemorrhagic
C) nutritional deficiency
D) hemolytic

Question 7

Which type of anemia is due to blood loss?

A) hemorrhagic
B) hemolytic
C) pernicious
D) aplastic

Question 8

Which of the following are granulocytes?
I)Lymphocytes
II)Neutrophils
III)Eosinophils
IV)Basophils

A) II, III, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I only
D) II and III only

Question 9

What is the average blood volume in adult females?

A) 4-5 L
B) 3-4 L
C) 5-6 L
D) 6-7 L

Question 10

Which type of anemia is due to a deficiency of iron in the diet?

A) nutritional deficiency
B) hemorrhagic
C) pernicious
D) aplastic

Question 11

Which of the following are agranulocytes?
I)Lymphocytes
II)Neutrophils
III)Eosinophils
IV)Monocytes

A) I and IV only
B) I, II, II, and IV
C) I, II, and IV only
D) I, III, and IV only

Question 12

Where is the bone marrow located that produces erythrocytes?
I)Cranium
II)Vertebrae
III)Ribs and sternum
IV)Femur

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) II, III, and IV only
C) II and IV only
D) I, II, and III only

Question 13

Which organs are responsible for destroying RBCs?

A) spleen and liver
B) liver and kidneys
C) spleen and kidneys
D) liver and pancreas

Question 14

What is the average lifespan of a RBC?

A) 120 days
B) 150 days
C) 90 days
D) 60 days

Question 15

Which anemia results from an inadeqaute dietary intake of vitamin B12?

A) pernicious
B) hemorrhagic
C) nutritional deficiency
D) hemolytic

Question 16

In a healthy newborn,what is the hematocrit value?

A) 45-60%
B) 35-45%
C) 55-70%
D) 25-40%

Question 17

What is the term or acronym for the percentage of RBCs in the blood volume?

A) hematocrit
B) HBV ratio
C) hematocyte %
D) RBCV

Question 18

Which type of anemia is due to snake venom?

A) hemolytic
B) hemorrhagic
C) pernicious
D) aplastic

Question 19

Which of the following compose the formed elements of blood?
I)RBCs
II)WBCs
III)Platelets
IV)Plasma

A) I, II, and III only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I and II only
D) I, II, and IV only

Question 20

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

A) protection against invading microrganisms
B) body temperature regulation
C) transport of nutrients
D) clot formation

Question 21

What information can be obtained from a CBC?
I)Hemoglobin
II)Hematocrit
III)SpO₂
IV)WBC Differential

A) I, II, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I and II only
D) II and IV only

Question 22

Which of the lymphocytes produce antibodies?

A) B lymphocytes
B) T lymphocytes
C) NK lymphocytes
D) a lymphocytes

Question 23

What structure separates the atria in the heart?

A) interatrial septum
B) interventricular septum
C) conchae
D) pericardium

Question 24

What is the term for the WBC's ability to leave the blood vessel?

A) diapedesis
B) migration
C) transference
D) egression

Question 25

Which white blood cells normally composes 65% of the total WBC count?

A) Neutrophils
B) Basophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Basophils

Question 26

What is the term for the site where the heart is in contact with the chest wall?

A) PMI
B) POC
C) PMC
D) MIP

Question 27

What is the second most numerous leukocyte in the blood?

A) Lymphocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) monocytes
D) eosinophils

Question 28

What is the name of the sac that encloses the heart?

A) pericardium
B) pleura
C) mediastinum
D) epicardium

Question 29

Which of the blood cells are considered to be polymorphonuclear granulocytes?

A) Neutrophils
B) Basophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Basophils

Question 30

In what cavity are the heart ,great vessels,and thymus gland located?

A) mediastinum
B) pleural cavity
C) peritoneeum
D) pericardium

Question 31

What portion of plasma is composed of proteins?

A) 7%
B) 12%
C) 2%
D) 17%

Question 32

Which of the WBCs are the largest in size and can differentiate into macrophages?

A) monocytes
B) neutrophils
C) lymphocytes
D) basophils

Question 33

What is the clinical term for an inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart?

A) pericarditis
B) endocarditis
C) pleurisy
D) myocarditis

Question 34

Where are eosinophils primarily located?

A) lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts
B) alveoli
C) above the vocal cords
D) kidneys, liver, and lining of therespiratory tract

Question 35

What is the name of the inner-most layer of the pericardium?

A) epicardium
B) visceral pleura
C) serous layer of the mediastinum
D) parietal pericardium

Question 36

What is the term for an increase in the number of WBCs?

A) leukocytosis
B) polycythemia
C) anemia
D) leukopenia

Question 37

What are the smallest of the formed elements in the blood?

A) platelets or thrombocytes
B) basophils
C) eosinophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 38

Which of the formed elements in the blood contain serotonin?

A) platelets
B) eosinophils
C) basophils
D) neutrophils

Question 39

Which of the WBs contain heparin and histamine?

A) basophils
B) eosinophils
C) neutrophils
D) monocytes

Question 40

Which respiratory disorder would be suspected if a patient had an eosinophil count of 8%?

A) asthma
B) pulmonary edema
C) pulmonary emboli
D) pneumonia

Question 41

What is the name for the tube placed in arteries to structurally help prevent future blockage?

A) stent
B) angioplasty
C) CABG
D) catheterization

Question 42

From which layer of the heart wall is the electrical conduction system formed?

A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) epicardium
D) pericardium

Question 43

Where does blood collected by the thebesian veins empty?

A) right and left atria
B) left ventricle
C) right ventricle
D) pulmonary artery

Question 44

Which artery supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior wall of the left ventricle?

A) circumflex branch of left coronary artery
B) anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
C) marginal branch of right coronary artery
D) posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery

Question 45

What is the middle layer of the heart called?

A) myocardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) pericardium

Question 46

Which vessels collect the venous blood from the anterior side of the heart?

A) great cardiac veins
B) middle cardiac vein
C) coronary sinus
D) thebesian veins

Question 47

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior walls of the ventricles?

A) posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery
B) circumflex branch of left coronary artery
C) marginal branch of right coronary artery
D) anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery

Question 48

Into what structures does the pulmonary trunk divide?

A) right and left pulmonary arteries
B) right and left pulmonary veins
C) superior and inferior vena cava
D) right and left coronary arteries

Question 49

Which structures connect the tricuspid valve leaflets to papillary muscles?

A) chordae tendinae
B) choanae
C) coronary ligaments
D) conchae

Question 50

What is the inner layer of the heart called?

A) endocardium
B) epicardium
C) myocardium
D) pericardium

Question 51

Which artery supplies blood to the interventricular septum?

A) anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
B) circumflex branch of left coronary artery
C) marginal branch of right coronary artery
D) posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery

Question 52

Which vessels collect the venous blood from the posterior portion of the heart?

A) middle cardiac vein
B) great cardiac vein
C) coronary sinus
D) thebesian veins

Question 53

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) aortic semilunar

Question 54

Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A) bicuspid or mitral
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) aortic semilunar

Question 55

Which valve lies at the base of the ascending aorta?

A) aortic semilunar
B) mitral
C) tricuspid
D) pulmonary semilunar

Question 56

What are the boundaries of the pulmonary vascular system?

A) pulmonary trunk to left atrium
B) right atrium to left atrium
C) aorta to right atrium
D) aorta to left ventricle

Question 57

What is the term for the procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected to outline the coronary arteries?

A) coronary angiography
B) angioplasty
C) coronary bypass
D) catheterization

Question 58

What is the term for a large collection of fluid in the pericardial sac that compresses the underlying structures?

A) cardiac tamponade
B) pleural effusion
C) pulmonary edema
D) hemathorax

Question 59

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles

Question 60

Which valve is located at the exit of the right ventricle?

A) pulmonary semilunar
B) tricuspid
C) mitral
D) aortic semilunar

Question 61

Which nerve innervates the carotid sinuses?

A) IX cranial
B) X cranial
C) XI cranial
D) phrenic

Question 62

What portion of the normal adult blood volume is contained in the heart?

A) 15%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 35%

Question 63

What is one of the primary goals of carotid sinus massage?

A) slow patient's heart rate
B) increase heart rate
C) increase blood pressure
D) relieve neck tension

Question 64

In a normal adult,what is the normal range for MAP?

A) 80-100
B) 60-80
C) 100-120
D) 40-60

Question 65

What is another term for intraluminal pressure?

A) intravascular pressure
B) transmural pressure
C) driving pressure
D) back pressure

Question 66

What portion of the total blood volume is contained in the venous system?

A) 60%
B) 80%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 67

In the normal adult,what is the driving pressure of the systemic circulatory system?

A) 98 mm Hg
B) 40 mm Hg
C) 10 mm Hg
D) 78 mm Hg

Question 68

What is the term for ventilation of alveoli without perfusion?

A) alveolar deadspace
B) shunt
C) silent units
D) anatomical deadspace

Question 69

What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary system?

A) 25/8 mm Hg
B) 120/80 mm Hg
C) 90/60 mm Hg
D) 40/20 mm Hg

Question 70

What is the term for the moderate state of vascular contraction from continuous sympathetic stimulation?

A) vasomotor tone
B) sensory overload
C) hypercontraction
D) perpetual sympathesis

Question 71

In Case Study 1,the patient's blood pressure was 78/42 mm Hg.What would her MAP equal?

A) 54 mm Hg
B) 62 mm Hg
C) 36 mm Hg
D) 68 mm Hg

Question 72

What does the cardiac output equal when stroke volume is 75 mL and heart rate is 80 beats/min?

A) 6000 mL/min
B) 5600 mL
C) 7500 mL
D) 4800 mL

Question 73

How effect does hypovolemia have on ventricular preload?

A) As preload decreases, cardiac output decreases so BP would drop
B) As preload decreases, cardiac output increases so BP would increase
C) As preload decreases, cardiac output decreases and BP would increase
D) Ventricular preload is not affected by hypovolemia

Question 74

Which nerve innervates the baroreceptors in the aortic arch?

A) vagus
B) phrenic
C) glossopharyngeal
D) hypoglossal

Question 75

In the prone position,what is the gravity dependent area of the lungs?

A) anterior portion of both lungs
B) posterior portion of both lungs
C) apices only of both lungs
D) bases only of both lungs

Question 76

What is the average volume of blood contained in the pulmonary capillary bed of a healthy adult?

A) 75 mL
B) 150 mL
C) 250 mL
D) 500 mL

Question 77

Where is the vasomotor center located?

A) medulla oblongata
B) pons
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebral cortex

Question 78

What portion of the normal adult blood volume is contained in the pulmonary circulation?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 60%
D) 75%

Question 79

What is another name for baroreceptors?

A) pressoreceptors
B) proprioceptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) juxtacapillary receptors

Question 80

What would MAP equal if a patient had a blood pressure of 140/95?

A) 110
B) 100
C) 95
D) 80