Deck 20: High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Question 1

How many feet below the water's surface must a diver reach to be subjected to a total pressure of 4 atmospheres?

A) 99 feet
B) 66 feet
C) 33 feet
D) 132 feet

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If the TLC equals 4.8 L at sea level,what would it equal at a depth of 66 feet?

A) 1.8 L
B) 2 L
C) 3 L
D) 4.8 L

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following influence the volume of dissolved gas that moves into a diver's tissues during a deep dive?
I)Solubility of the gas in the tissues
II)The partial pressure of the gas
III)The hydrostatic pressure in the tissue

A) I, II, and III
B) I and II only
C) II only
D) III only

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What manuever is normally performed to prolong the duration of a breath-hold dive?

A) voluntary hyperventilation
B) voluntary hypoventilation
C) hyperventilation with helium
D) hyperventilation with carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture

Question 5

What was the world record time established in 2008 for the longest breath hold?

A) 17 minutes +
B) 14 minutes +
C) 10 minutes+
D) 8 minutes+

Question 6

What is the term for the drop in PaO₂ that occurs when a breath hold diver ascends from a deep dive?

A) hypoxia of ascent
B) the bends
C) diving response
D) decompression sickness

Question 7

Which of the following can occur with decompression sickness?
I)Joint pain
II)Chest Pain and Coughing
III)Paresthesia and Paralysis
IV)Circulatory Failure

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) I only
C) I, II, and IV
D) I and IV only

Question 8

Which of the following occur during the mammalian diving reflex during a breath hold deep dive?
I)Tachycardia
II)Decreased cardiac output
III)Lactic acid acuumulation
IV)Peripheral vasoconstriction

A) II, II, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I, II and III only
D) II and IV only

Question 9

If an individual at sea level has a blood volume of 5 L,how much oxygen would be transported physically dissolved if the PaO₂ were 100 mm Hg?

A) 15 mL
B) 1.5 ml
C) 150 mL
D) 50 mL

Question 10

At what point in a breath hold deep dive would the CO₂-O₂ paradox occur?

A) CO₂ paradox occurs on descent, O₂ paradox occurs on ascent.
B) O₂ paradox occurs on descent, CO₂ paradox occurs on ascent
C) both occur during descent
D) both occur during ascent

Question 11

Which gas law can be used to calculate the changes in gas volumes and pressures applied to diving?

A) Boyle's
B) Henry's
C) Charles'
D) Dalton's

Question 12

What is the general term for the administration of gases at increased ambient pressures via a compression chamber?

A) hyperbaric medicine
B) bariatric medicine
C) positive pressure medicine
D) hypobaric medicine

Question 13

Which clinical condition is most commonly associated with too rapid of an ascent from a deep dive?

A) decompression sickness
B) pneumothorax
C) pleural effusion
D) pulmonary edema

Question 14

What is another name for the coughing and chest pain that is associated with decompression sickness?

A) the chokes (pulmonary decompression sickness)
B) the bends
C) squeezes
D) barotrauma

Question 15

What is another name for lung packing?

A) glossopharyngeal insufflation
B) glossotracheal insufflation
C) glossolaryngeal insufflation
D) glossoesophageal insufflation

Question 16

What is the first line of defense against hypoxia during deep dives?

A) mammalian diving reflex
B) pre-dive voluntary hyperventilation
C) rapid ascent
D) rapid descent

Question 17

At 66 feet below the surface of the water,what would the pressure equal expressed in mm Hg?

A) 760 x 3 = 2280 mm Hg
B) 760 x 2 = 1520 mm Hg
C) 66 x 2 = 132 mm Hg
D) 66 x 3 = 198 mm Hg

Question 18

How might hyperventilation prior to a breath hold dive allow the diver to extend the duration of the dive?

A) reduces CO₂ stores and extends time before breaking point is reached
B) decreases the CO₂ and O₂ stores and extends time before breaking point is reached
C) decreases the pH and CO₂ stores and extends time before the breaking point is reached
D) reduces CO₂ and O₂ stores and lowers the pH to extend time before the breaking point is reached

Question 19

With a PaO₂ of 100 mm Hg at 1 atm of pressure,what amount of oxygen can physically dissolve in 1 dL of blood?

A) 0.3 mL
B) 3.0 mL
C) 0.03 mL
D) 0.003 mL

Question 20

If the TLC is 6.6 L at sea level,what would it equal at a depth of 33 feet under water?

A) 3.3 L
B) 2.2 L
C) 1.1 L
D) 4.4 L

Question 21

What is the term for an abnormal collection of air in the abdominal cavity?

A) pneumoperitoneum
B) pneumomediastinum
C) pneumothorax
D) pneumopericardium

Question 22

What effect does FIO₂ 1.0 at 1 atm have on the half-life of COʜb?

A) reduces half-life to less than 1 hour
B) reduces half -life to 2.5 hours
C) reduces half-life to 7.5 hours
D) reduces hal-life to 10 hours

Question 23

What is the most common diving-related disorder encountered by divers?

A) middle ear barotrauma
B) decompression sickness
C) conjuctival hemorrhages
D) gastrointestinal barotrauma

Question 24

What is the leading cause of death by poisoning in the USA?

A) carbon monoxide poisoning
B) botulism food poisoning
C) salmonella food poisoning
D) arsenic posioning

Question 25

What is the half life of COʜb on FIO₂ 0.21 at 1 atm?

A) 5 hours
B) 10 hours
C) 15 hours
D) 20 hours

Question 26

Which of the following are clinical goals of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of decompression sickness?
I)Reduction in bubble size
II)Acceleration of bubble resolution
III)Maintaining tissue oxygenation

A) I, II, and III
B) I and III only
C) III only
D) II and III only

Question 27

Which of the following are clinical indications for hyperbaric oxygenation?
I)Acute traumatic ischemia
II)Thermal burns
III)Clostridial infections
IV)Carbon monoxide poisoning

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) IV only
C) I, II, and IV only
D) I, III, and IV only