Deck 10: Health and Medicine

Question 1

Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, ______ Americans did not have health insurance.

A) 3 million
B) 11 million
C) 22 million
D) 44 million

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of these is NOT synonymous with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010?

A) Obamacare
B) Affordable Care Act
C) Medicaid
D) ACA

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Life expectancy at birth is highest for a child born in ______ and lowest for one born in ______.

A) Japan; Sierra Leone
B) the United States; India
C) Brazil; Uzbekistan
D) the United Kingdom; Greenland

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which feature of the Ebola outbreak supports the fact that there are inequities in the health care system?

A) The virus only affected West African individuals.
B) The vaccine was not given to foreign aid workers.
C) The treatment was not made available in West Africa.
D) The cost was minimal for educated, White patients

Question 5

The incidence of death in a population is known as which of these?

A) mortality
B) fecundity
C) fertility
D) morbidity

Question 6

The fecundity rate in the United States is currently about ______ birth(s) per woman.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 7

The number of deaths per 100,000 people is also referred to as which of these?

A) crude death rate
B) fecundity rate
C) morbidity rate
D) tipping point rate

Question 8

______ measure the frequency of long-term or chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, asthma, or HIV.

A) Incidence rates
B) Prevalence rates
C) Mortality rates
D) Fecundity rates

Question 9

Which measure is considered a basic indicator of the well-being of a population?

A) fecundity
B) infant mortality
C) epidemiology
D) fertility

Question 10

Which of these is NOT a leading cause of death among U.S. infants?

A) congenital birth defects
B) low birth weight
C) maternal pregnancy complications
D) diabetes

Question 11

In 2015, the infant mortality in the United States was ______ deaths per 1,000 live births.

A) 1.2
B) 5.9
C) 10.2
D) 15.8

Question 12

Countries such as India and Brazil have seen an increase in type 2 diabetes cases due to which of these?

A) a lack of access to health care
B) a modern lifestyle and diet
C) the unavailability of health information
D) the scarcity of competent medical professionals

Question 13

Which of these is NOT a leading cause of death in the United States?

A) intestinal infections
B) cancer
C) chronic lower respiratory disease
D) stroke

Question 14

In 2014, the highest infant mortality rate was to which of these groups in the United States?

A) African Americans
B) white Americans
C) Hispanic Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 15

Émile Durkheim's groundbreaking epidemiological analysis explored which of these?

A) infant mortality
B) suicide
C) homicide
D) diabetes

Question 16

Which Sociologist conducted the first true epidemiological analysis?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) C. Wright Mills
C) Karl Marx
D) Max Weber

Question 17

Jess is ill and has missed several days of classes. She has been drinking plenty of fluids and has scheduled an appointment with her physician. What would a functionalist likely observe about Jess?

A) Jess will have to pay money to maintain her health in a capitalist system of healthcare.
B) Jess is playing the sick role.
C) Jess will be treated differently by her doctor because she is a woman.
D) Jess will likely call her illness a "flu" since this is how Americans talk about short-term illness.

Question 18

Functionalists note that the practice of medicine has shifted. In what way?

A) It has changed from a general practitioner to a specialist model.
B) It has changed from a medical to a psychosocial model.
C) It has changed from a specialist to a general practitioner model.
D) It has changed from a psychosocial to a medical model.

Question 19

The societal shift from general practitioner to specialist model has resulted in which of these to decrease?

A) the cost of care
B) the quality of care
C) the type of care
D) the number of people who have adequate coverage and care

Question 20

Conflict theorists define health care as which of these?

A) a right
B) a commodity
C) a necessity
D) an innovation

Question 21

According to Magnus and Mick (2000), who is most likely to be recruited for medical schools in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain?

A) an international student whose parents or relations were medical professionals
B) a student from a middle-class family whose parents or relations were medical professionals
C) a student from a high-income family whose parents or relations were medical professionals
D) a student from a single-parent family whose parents or relations were medical professionals

Question 22

Sasha is seven months pregnant. She maintains regular appointments with her obstetrician and is preparing for childbirth at the regional hospital. According to the feminist perspective, who controls Sasha's diagnosis and treatment?

A) Sasha
B) her baby
C) the state government
D) her obstetrician

Question 23

Which of these natural conditions has undergone the process of medicalization?

A) diabetes
B) heart disease
C) menopause
D) HIV

Question 24

Which individual would be most likely to receive more information from their physician about his or her diagnosis?

A) a 36-year-old male college professor
B) a 29-year-old female convenience store clerk
C) a 75-year-old retired male attorney
D) a 53-year-old female electrical engineer

Question 25

Which of these has not been identified as a factor in the differences in mortality between men and women?

A) genetics
B) risk taking
C) use of the health care system
D) religiosity

Question 26

Compared to men, women typically ______.

A) die more frequently from stroke
B) commit suicide at higher rates
C) live about five years longer
D) have shorter but more satisfying lives

Question 27

What percentage of the U.S. GDP is spent on healthcare?

A) 8%
B) 18%
C) 28%
D) 38%

Question 28

In 2016, spending for prescription drugs in the United States cost which of these?

A) 30 million dollars
B) 328 million dollars
C) 3 billion dollars
D) 328 billion dollars

Question 29

In 2007, which factor contributed to well over half of all U.S. bankruptcies?

A) substance abuse treatment programs
B) credit card debt
C) illnesses and medical bills
D) student loan debt

Question 30

A year before the full implementation of the ACA insurance mandate, surveyed Americans reported the primary reason for not being insured was which of these?

A) They couldn't afford coverage.
B) They had to spend their money on prescription medicines, not insurance.
C) They didn't see insurance as necessary.
D) They had lost their job that provided insurance.

Question 31

ACA Medicaid expansion was shown by researchers to do all of these EXCEPT ______.

A) positively impact access to care and utilization of health care services among the low income population
B) improve the affordability of care and financial security among the low income population
C) improve measures of self-reported health
D) positively impact a decrease in prescription drugs

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a factor related to health coverage?

A) poverty
B) unemployment
C) political affiliation
D) ethnicity

Question 33

The first state to act on healthcare reform was which of these?

A) Massachusetts
B) West Virginia
C) Hawaii
D) Montana

Question 34

The first state to provide healthcare to all of its residents was which of these?

A) Massachusetts
B) West Virginia
C) Hawaii
D) Montana

Question 35

In 2016, what percentage of Americans remained without insurance?

A) 1.8 percent
B) 8.8 percent
C) 12.8 percent
D) 20.8 percent

Question 36

The Children's Health Insurance Program is designed for which children?

A) children who are disabled
B) children of government employees
C) children of working parents and grandparents
D) children of refugee and immigrants

Question 37

Which president signed the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) expansion bill which raised the number of children covered under CHIP?

A) Gerald Ford
B) Ronald Reagan
C) George W. Bush
D) Barack Obama

Question 38

In an effort to control drug costs for their residents, several states have offered innovative cost-control models such as the Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly program (PACE). PACE is financed largely from which of these?

A) local property taxes
B) county sales taxes
C) federal income taxes
D) state lottery proceeds

Question 39

Which of these is TRUE of community-based health centers?

A) They were dissolved following an executive order from the Donald Trump administration.
B) They increase access to health care for the poor, racial and ethnic minorities, and other underserved populations.
C) They are operated by the federal government.
D) Costs are covered through private insurance.

Question 40

In the U.S., a 20-year life expectancy gaps exists between the most and least advantaged populations.

Question 41

The ZMapp vaccine effectively controlled the Ebola virus in West Africa.

Question 42

Entomology is the study of the patterns in the distribution and frequency of sickness, injury and death, and the social factors that shape them.

Question 43

Epidemiologists investigate how and why groups of individuals become sick or injured.

Question 44

The level of childbearing for an individual or population is known as fecundity.

Question 45

The infant mortality rate is lower in the U.S. than in other developed countries.

Question 46

The leading cause of death of college-age Americans is unintentional injuries, followed by homicide and suicide.

Question 47

According to the functionalist perspective, illness has a legitimate place in society.

Question 48

The 1910 Flexner Report resulted in higher medical standards but also limited access to medical education and care.

Question 49

When controlled for differences in hours worked and years of experience, the gender gap in physician earnings continues.

Question 50

The conflict perspective acknowledges how illness is created and sustained according to a set of shared social beliefs or definitions

Question 51

While women live longer than men, women experience higher rates of nonfatal chronic conditions.

Question 52

The three leading causes of death for women and men are identical.

Question 53

Research indicates that education might be a more important correlate to good health than is one's occupation or income.

Question 54

U.S. laws prohibit the importation of drugs from other countries into the United States, unless their safety is certified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Question 55

The U.S. constitutes less than 5% of the world's population, but buys more than 50% of its prescription drugs.

Question 56

Community health centers are based on neighborhood health clinics first established during the War on Poverty in the 1960s.

Question 57

Describe the parts of the sick role as outlined by Talcott Parsons. How does the sick role provide a link between Functionalism and Conflict theory?

Question 58

Define medicalization and provide two examples of conditions that have been medicalized in the U.S. showing how they have been medicalized.

Question 59

Define a future-oriented individual. How does this term relate to health care?

Question 60

Define a community-based health center and explain its benefits. Provide one example of a community based health center described in the chapter.