Deck 16: The Modern World Order, Global Challenges, and the Role of Applied Anthropology

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Cultures all change at a steady pace over time.
B) Cultures change at differing speeds in different historical periods.
C) Cultures do not change; people adapt to culture.
D) Cultures do not change and this is why some of them die out.
E) Culture changes constantly and at a very quick pace over time.

Answer 1

Cultures change at differing speeds in different historical periods.

Question 2

The post-Cold War globalization trend is driven by:

A) colonialism.
B) free-market capitalism.
C) economic modernity.
D) imperialism.
E) multinational corporations.

Answer 2

free-market capitalism.

Question 3

Which of the following was not a typical model of European expansion?

A) develop educational facilities to improve lives of natives
B) establish permanent settlements for colonizers
C) develop commercial establishments in colonies to use inexpensive native labor
D) gain maritime control in order to control trade
E) acquire colonies to exploit raw materials

Answer 3

develop educational facilities to improve lives of natives

Question 4

The estimated world population was ____________ people in 1500 and ______________ people in 1974.

A) 1 billion; 5 billion
B) 10,000; 1 billion
C) 500,000; 800 million
D) 500 million; 4 billion
E) 2 million; 5 billion

Question 5

Globalization:

A) is a worldwide phenomenon that has replaced the Cold War system.
B) is driven by closed national markets.
C) involves the increase of tariff barriers worldwide.
D) is thought to have started at the end of WWII.
E) will eventually lead to the development of a global culture.

Question 6

What is corvee labor?

A) indentured servant work
B) forced, unpaid public works labor
C) work that is subsidized by the government
D) slavery
E) replacement labor

Question 7

The political,economic,and sociocultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign nation is called:

A) oppression.
B) dictatorship.
C) globalization.
D) colonialism.
E) occupation.

Question 8

Which of the following is incorrect about multinational corporations?

A) They sometimes have assets and power greater than those of many governments of lesser developed countries.
B) They send most of their profits back to their home country.
C) They sometimes directly exploit lesser developed countries.
D) They work to better develop the infrastructure of less developed countries so that they can one day compete economically.
E) They control approximately one third of the world's assets.

Question 9

All of the following were large European colonizers except:

A) England.
B) France.
C) Belgium.
D) Italy.
E) Netherlands.

Question 10

What was the primary motive for European exploration around 1500 A.D.?

A) adventure
B) evangelizing
C) wealth
D) discovering water routes
E) finding spices

Question 11

Thomas Friedman argued that the good of all peoples would be maximized if economic systems concentrated on all of the following except:

A) development of social opportunities.
B) privatization.
C) continual economic growth.
D) continued lowering of trade barriers between nations.
E) reduction of government control of free markets.

Question 12

When did globalization really begin to take place worldwide?

A) with development of Internet
B) in 1980s
C) with advent of colonialism
D) with the Age of Discovery
E) with Industrial Revolution

Question 13

Which statement about globalization is incorrect?

A) Globalization has both good and bad consequences.
B) Globalization is an irreversible process.
C) Globalization involves the rapid growth of free market capitalism.
D) Globalization involves the rapid growth of regional alliances such as NAFTA and EU.
E) Cultural anthropologists cannot ignore the magnitude and speed of globalization.

Question 14

The Dutch East India Company operated very much like any European state government at the time except that:

A) it occupied foreign lands.
B) it coined its own money.
C) it waged war.
D) it levied taxes.
E) it was responsive to all citizens.

Question 15

Empire-building through state expansion of both territories and commerce is known as:

A) colonialism.
B) imperialism.
C) dictatorship.
D) oppression.
E) globalization.

Question 16

Not all countries have responded positively to the technological changes occurring in the globalized world.Which of the following has been least receptive to mass technological modernization?

A) China
B) India
C) Saudi Arabia
D) Italy
E) Russia

Question 17

Neocolonialism:

A) refers to the control of African countries by European powers during the 16ᵗʰ century.
B) ended when South American and African countries gained independence from Europe.
C) is the control of former colonies by wealthy, former colonial nations through political, financial, and military power.
D) is the globalization process that occurs between the wealthy trade nations.
E) is a political and economic process by which European nations take over less developed countries.

Question 18

What is a joint stock company?

A) a large number of shareholders that come together to provide funding for exploration and colonization
B) a large number of stockholders that come together to provide funding for evangelization
C) a state government that provides financial subsidies to one company that has a monopoly on exploration and colonization
D) a state government that funds an international coalition of stockholders to provide resources for colonization and exploration
E) a group of stock companies that work together in achieving goals for colonization and exploration

Question 19

Globalization is defined by:

A) a revolution in high-speed information technology.
B) privatizing and deregulating national economies.
C) the lowering of tariff barriers worldwide.
D) the rise of fundamentalism in some countries.
E) all of these choices.

Question 20

Today,less developed countries (LDCs):

A) can help themselves only if they emulate Western cultures.
B) need to become modernized.
C) are economically dominated by former colonial powers.
D) are beginning to develop as equal trading partners with more wealthy nations.
E) continue as colonies of European nations.

Question 21

Cultural anthropologists have much to contribute to our responses to global challenges.Which statement is not one of the ways their work helps us better understand these challenges?

A) Through applied work and collaboration they work well as part of teams of researchers.
B) Through comparativism they are more aware of whether these challenges are being faced by other groups around the world and what we might learn from them.
C) Through holism they understand the interconnections between various parts of the society.
D) Through participant observation they can observe the direct effects of globalization on local people's lives.
E) Through science they best understand the technology that must be used to resolve other people's problems.

Question 22

Unfortunately,plans to involve indigenous peoples in programs of economic development have failed for all of the following reasons except:

A) incidence of disease tends to rise in areas facing rapid culture change.
B) environmental degradation caused by commercial development is high in these areas.
C) the tremendous influx of tourists into these areas has caused rapid contagion.
D) many of the more modern lifestyles that people adopt bring more diseases to these areas.
E) health problems are aggravated by rapid urbanization.

Question 23

The organization called Cultural Survival functions to do all of the following except:

A) help indigenous people against exploitation.
B) protect the Constitution of the United States.
C) help indigenous people raise money for economic development.
D) publish literature concerning the urgency of indigenous issues.
E) serve as cultural brokers between governments and indigenous peoples.

Question 24

What kind of applied anthropology is usually involved in programs regarding reforestation,sustainable development,and planned change?

A) environmental anthropology
B) archaeological anthropology
C) development anthropology
D) educational anthropology
E) medical anthropology

Question 25

What occurred at the Massacre at Parallel Eleven?

A) A large Brazilian corporation hired hitmen to try to kill an indigenous group in their way.
B) A large group of indigenous peoples attacked miners who were extracting gold from their lands.
C) Two indigenous groups began to fight over lands that had been allocated to them by the Brazilian government.
D) A group of missionaries entered an indigenous area and killed all the Indians.
E) A group of indigenous peoples killed a group of missionaries and charity workers.

Question 26

The largest segment of the world's remaining isolated indigenous peoples is believed to reside in:

A) China.
B) Mongolia.
C) northern Canada.
D) northern Norway.
E) the Amazon area of Brazil.

Question 27

Which theory argues that it is cultural and social differences that have caused the economic disparity in the world today?

A) modern systems theory
B) modernization theory
C) world systems theory
D) world economic theory
E) globalization theory

Question 28

PhytoTrade Africa,a company that represents private sector interests,worked to develop new markets for African fruit,such as:

A) coconut.
B) baobab.
C) banana.
D) apple.
E) guayaba.

Question 29

In recent years scholars have begun seeing that globalization is leading to:

A) a global culture.
B) a more homogeneous world.
C) the redefinition of local cultures.
D) the dissolution of the nation-state.
E) the development of much greater numbers of cultures worldwide.

Question 30

Anthropologist Nancy Gottovi developed STARworks in North Carolina,an organization based on:

A) marketing new technologies.
B) developing new biofuels.
C) educating younger adults in creative and innovative industries.
D) educating unemployed workers in more technologically-advanced professions.
E) training workers in foreign languages so that they could work with multinational corporations.

Question 31

Why has the central region of North Carolina been so adversely affected by globalization recently?

A) They have had a large influx of migrants to the area.
B) Their jobs have been transferred to other areas of the world.
C) The housing market has failed there and no one can afford homes.
D) The industries that are developing there are too sophisticated for the workers.
E) The local economy cannot support industries any longer.

Question 32

According to the world systems theory:

A) LDCs can help themselves only if they emulate Western cultures.
B) LDCs need to become modernized.
C) rich and poor countries are different because they operate differently in the world.
D) wealthy nations should provide charity to LDCs because they are responsible for the poverty.
E) given enough time, globalization will lead to a world with more economic equity.

Question 33

Latrines built by U.S.technicians were not accepted in rural El Salvador because:

A) they were of the wrong design.
B) they were built too close to people's homes.
C) people believed that they would be bewitched if they used latrines.
D) they already had indoor toilets.
E) people did not like the smell of the latrines.

Question 34

Anthropological criticism of modernization theory includes all of the following except:

A) it is ethnocentric.
B) it assumes that modern traits are superior to traditional ones.
C) it assumes that traditional people should adopt more modern ways of thinking and acting.
D) it should be based on economic rules developed among foraging societies.
E) it assumes that economic development will improve people's lives.

Question 35

An organization of cultural anthropologists working to help indigenous peoples is:

A) the Society for Applied Anthropology.
B) the Brazilian Studies Association.
C) Cultural Survival, Inc.
D) the American Anthropological Association.
E) U.S. Agency for International Development.

Question 36

What group of indigenous farmers developed their own organic coffee growers' cooperative in order to better compete on the worldwide market,while also reaffirming their traditional values?

A) Ju/'hoansi
B) Mam
C) Manus
D) Bedouin
E) Masaai

Question 37

In the 19ᵗʰ century in Tasmania,in an effort to colonize the area,the native peoples were:

A) exterminated.
B) colonized and Christianized.
C) relocated to Australia and away from their homes.
D) educated and prepared to live as Europeans.
E) imprisoned and sent to work camps.

Question 38

Why did the El Cajon Watershed Renewable Natural Resource Program encounter so many obstacles in Honduras?

A) The project exploited local people and made them rebel against the government.
B) The project was not sensitive to local culture and the local people did not wish to be involved.
C) The project was designed according to foreign specifications and was meant to aid in the development of Honduran tourism.
D) The project required that the local people be re-settled into new areas and removed from the development site.
E) The project was not presented in the local language and the local people did not understand it.

Question 39

The Conference of Berlin in 1884 was aimed at:

A) the protection of indigenous peoples.
B) dividing up the continent of Africa into European colonies.
C) dividing up South America into colonies by European nations.
D) protecting cultural anthropologists studying local cultures in Africa.
E) creating world markets in Asia and the Americas.

Question 40

Why do so many development attempts fail?

A) They are not planned to be responsive to local cultures.
B) They often bring improvements that are costly and cannot be sustained.
C) They often leave the environment neglected and degraded.
D) With technological improvement, they often lead to fewer jobs and opportunities.
E) All of the answers listed here are reasons why so many development attempts fail.

Question 41

The rise of Islamic fundamentalism in some countries was caused in part by globalization.

Question 42

Which of the following is the best hope for enabling all people to have the security,prosperity,and freedom they desire and deserve?

A) acculturation
B) multiculturalism
C) bilingualism
D) modernization
E) development

Question 43

Coca-Cola sells more of its products in China than in Japan.

Question 44

Globalization has replaced the Cold War system that divided the world between the Communist blocs and the Socialist blocs.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a way that Cultural Survival works to protect indigenous peoples?

A) They fight marginalization and discrimination of indigenous peoples.
B) They strengthen indigenous languages and cultures.
C) They educate their communities about their rights.
D) They work at amassing a database of indigenous issues to educate the world.
E) They provide jobs and incentives for indigenous peoples to adapt to Western culture.

Question 46

The Dutch East India Company functioned like a state society,except it did not levy taxes.

Question 47

Which statement about the Winnemem Wintu people is true?

A) They are in danger of losing their last remaining ancestral land to the Shasta Dam.
B) They have already lost ancestral land to the Shasta Dam.
C) They are threatened by being wiped out by HIV-AIDS.
D) They have been relocated to a reservation in Oklahoma.
E) They are currently undergoing a language revitalization program.

Question 48

Most scientists today agree that the major cause of climate change is:

A) a natural cyclical pattern of climatic variation.
B) changes in the atmospheric pressure.
C) increased amounts of solar energy being developed.
D) global warming.
E) something not yet known.

Question 49

The Mam of Mexico have developed a tomato cooperative in order to better compete in the free market economy.

Question 50

Which of the following was the warmest year ever on record?

A) 1950
B) 1899
C) 2005
D) 2010

Question 51

The revenue generated by Wal-Mart is equivalent to the gross national product of Belgium.

Question 52

What tragic effect of climate change is the Republic of Kiribati suffering?

A) increase in volcanoes
B) loss of land due to rising sea levels
C) drought that prevents lands from being farmed
D) lack of water as glaciers continue to retreat
E) influx of pests and diseases

Question 53

Joint stock companies were formed by a multitude of citizens who wished to establish their own countries.

Question 54

What tragic effect of climate change are inhabitants facing in El Alto,Bolivia?

A) increase in volcanoes
B) loss of land due to rising sea levels
C) drought that prevents lands from being farmed
D) lack of water as glaciers continue to retreat
E) influx of pests and diseases

Question 55

The Ngobe people of Panama are currently facing threats from the construction of a:

A) hydroelectric dam.
B) school.
C) trans-Amazonian highway.
D) large extractive factory.
E) new agricultural cooperative.

Question 56

As a result of NAFTA,the Mexican government has worked to discourage collective farming.

Question 57

A public policy philosophy that recognizes the legitimacy and equality of all cultures represented in a society is called:

A) colonialism.
B) indigenous policy.
C) nativism.
D) multiculturalism.
E) millenarianism.

Question 58

European colonialism over the past 500 years serves as the beginning of globalization.

Question 59

Which of the following is the Panamanian partner of Cultural Survival?

A) Agency for International Development
B) Care for Children, International
C) Alliance for Conservation and Development
D) World Wildlife Fund
E) Sierra Club

Question 60

Thomas Friedman argues that all peoples' welfare will be met if there is a free-market capitalist system.

Question 61

What is an indigenous population?

Question 62

STARworks in South Carolina has made great strides in developing new bioenergy fuels for cars and also heating houses.

Question 63

The levels of greenhouse gases have increased 35% since the start of the industrial period.

Question 64

What are some of the negative consequences of economic development programs?

Question 65

Indigenous peoples are those who receive foreign aid from wealthy countries.

Question 66

Most anthropologists today support the position of modernization theory to bring growth to small-scale societies.

Question 67

What role are anthropologists taking in the challenges of climate change?

Question 68

What is meant by "neocolonialism?"

Question 69

Cultural Survival works for the benefit of all cultures worldwide.

Question 70

What is the significance and importance of work such as Nancy Gottovi's in North Carolina?

Question 71

What is world systems theory?

Question 72

PhytoTrade Africa is working to market baobab fruit more widely in the world because it is healthy and has a wide range of uses available.

Question 73

In what ways did the Mexican government work to make agriculture more competitive under globalization?

Question 74

According to world systems theory,wealthy countries achieve high levels of development by exploiting the poorer countries.

Question 75

Indigenous populations play a very significant role in government.

Question 76

What four factors does Thomas Friedman believe to be essential to the full and beneficial development of globalization?

Question 77

What were the primary motivations for European colonialism?

Question 78

The Ngobe of Brazil are facing deforestation from extractive industries.

Question 79

What is the primary role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?

Question 80

People in El Alto,Bolivia are suffering water shortage caused by retreating glaciers in the area.This has occurred because of the climate change prompted by global warming.