Deck 3: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: Creating and Interpreting Graphics

Question 1

The y-axis was more formally known as the abscissa.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Histograms and Bar Charts are similar in that they plot frequencies on the y-axis and possible observations on the x-axis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Pie charts are most useful when presenting categorical data and relative frequencies.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Scatterplots are usually used to graph the relationship between two variables.

Question 5

Graphs are the best and necessary method for presenting data.

Question 6

When plotting a graph, the axes should always be labeled.

Question 7

It is possible for the reader of statistics to over interpret what is being stated on a graph.

Question 8

When a graph is used, it can always be assumed that it is the best and correct way to visualize data.

Question 9

When plotting a bar chart, the bars in the graph are not supposed to touch

Question 10

Bar charts are for discrete data and histograms are for continuous data

Question 11

When using a stem-and-leaf plot, it is still possible to identify all the datapoints in a dataset.

Question 12

graphs are always necessary for presenting data.

Question 13

When you have continuous data, there can be an infinite number of points between two adjacent data values

Question 14

Frequency polygons are like histograms, except used for discrete data.

Question 15

For the number 62, a stem-and-leaf-plot would plot 6 as the stem and 2 as the leaf.

Question 16

If you are interested in plotting the means of two experimental groups, it is best to use a histogram

Question 17

One reason why scientists didn't always trust the data was because graphs don't show raw data

Question 18

The y-axis is called the ordinate

Question 19

Only raw data can be plotted. Means cannot be plotted.

Question 20

In a time-series graph, time is plotted along the ordinate

Question 21

The horizontal axis is also known as the _______________; the vertical is also known as the _________________.

A) X-axis; longitudinate
B) ordinate; y-axis
C) abscissa; ordinate
D) ordinate; abscissa

Question 22

Which of the following the best description of discrete data?

A) Discrete data are on ratio scales
B) Discrete data are generally on nominal and ordinal scale
C) Discrete data are best presented in histograms
D) Discrete data should not be graphed.

Question 23

In a stem-and-leaf plot, which of the following is true?

A) It is more like a table: you can extract every data point from the dataset
B) Generally, if you have values like 10 and 20, 1 and 2 would be the stems, and 0 would be the leaves.
C) They are useful because they group data without losing information
D) All of the above

Question 24

Histograms show ___________ on the ordinate and ________ on the abscissa

A) frequencies; groups
B) frequencies; observations
C) observations; frequencies
D) observations; groups

Question 25

A frequency polygon is best used when data are ________________ while a bar chart is best used when the data are __________________.

A) On an ordinal scale; on a nominal scale
B) continuous; discrete
C) categorical; continuous
D) discrete; on an ordinal scale.

Question 26

A researcher is interested in the number of hours football players spend practicing during the season. He wants to plot the data showing the number of players who practice at various amounts of hours. Which of the following is the best way to plot this data?

A) histograms and frequency polygons
B) Pie charts
C) Bar charts
D) Any of the above will work equally effectively.

Question 27

If you have a dataset plotting relative frequencies of individuals'' favorite color, which of the following is most appropriate?

A) bar charts
B) histograms and frequency polygons
C) pie charts
D) scatter plots

Question 28

When you want to portray the relationship between two continuous variables, it is best to use a…

A) Scatterplot
B) Bar chart
C) Time-series plot
D) All of the above are valid methods.

Question 29

A researcher examining whether taller parents also have taller children. Which of the following would be a good way to plot her data?

A) a pie chart
B) a stem-and-leaf graph
C) a time-series plot
D) a scatterplot

Question 30

A university is interested in their students' eating habits. They sampled students and asked the number of meals they usually skip in a given a week.
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline\begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Meals }\end{array} & \text { Number of students } \\\hline 1 & 40 \\2 & 89 \\3 & 20 \\4 & 38 \\5 & 30 \\6 & 39 \\\hline\end{array}$$ If you want to plot the percentage students in each category, you should use a …

A) Bar chart
B) Pie chart
C) Scatterplot
D) None of the above are appropriate.

Question 31

A university is interested in their students' eating habits. They sampled students and asked the number of meals they usually skip in a given a week.
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Meals }\end{array} & \text { Number of students } \\\hline 1 & 40 \\2 & 89 \\3 & 20 \\4 & 38 \\5 & 30 \\6 & 39 \\\hline\end{array}$$ In this sample, the best way to plot the data in its current form is using a …

A) Bar chart
B) Pie chart
C) Scatterplot
D) Frequency polygon

Question 32

A university is interested in their students' eating habits. They sampled students and asked the number of meals they usually skip in a given a week.
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { Meals }\end{array} & \text { Number of students } \\\hline 1 & 40 \\2 & 89 \\3 & 20 \\4 & 38 \\5 & 30 \\6 & 39 \\\hline\end{array}$$ Which of the following types of graphs is least effective for this data?

A) histogram
B) frequency polygon
C) stem and leaf graph
D) all of the above are actually effective and equally useful for this data

Question 33

In a frequency polygon, each point on the graph represents the _____________ of a(n)___________.

A) relative proportion; observation
B) frequency; observation
C) observation; individual
D) None of the above.

Question 34

A research wants to compare the means of three groups in his experiment. Which of the following is the most effect method of doing so?

A) frequency polygon
B) stem-and-leaf graph
C) bar chart
D) scatterplot

Question 35

Which of the following is not good practice when plotting graphs?

A) x and y axes intersect at 0
B) x and y axes are clearly labeled
C) creating as many graphs as possible
D) having a title to your graph

Question 36

The K.I.S.S. rule suggests that graphs should be…

A) simple
B) clear
C) short
D) All of the above

Question 37

A manager wants to track his employees' productivity throughout the work day to see when his team needs the most support to increase output. He collects his data that shows the amount of output his workers are producing every hour. How can he visualize the data?

A) stem-and-leaf plot
B) time-series plot
C) pie chart
D) frequency polygon

Question 38

Which of the following is most similar to a frequency polygon, with regards to the type of data that it plots and the way it is interpreted?

A) bar chart
B) pie chart
C) stem-and-leaf graph
D) histogram

Question 39

Who invented the stem-and-leaf graph?

A) Galton
B) Newton
C) Pearson
D) Tukey

Question 40

Scatterplots were created by

A) Darwin
B) Galton
C) Tukey
D) Pearson

Question 41

In a scatterplot, the y-axis is used to label…

A) Frequency of a variable
B) observations of a variable
C) relative frequency of a variable
D) any of the above

Question 42

Consider a data with two outcomes: yes and no. The best way to plot this data is…

A) Bar chart
B) Pie chart
C) Histogram
D) Stem-and-leaf graph

Question 43

Which of the following is not the right way to use a graph?

A) Time-series graphs usually have time on the x-axis
B) Pie charts are used to relative frequencies
C) Frequency polygons should be used just like bar charts
D) Histograms should have bars that are touching each other

Question 44

Which would be the correct way to split the number 237 in a stem-and-leaf graph?

A) 2 would be the stem, and 37 as the leaf.
B) 23 as the stem, and 7 as the leaf.
C) 237 is the stem, there is no leaf.
D) There is no stem, and 237 are all leaf.

Question 45

Each point on scatterplot represents…

A) one observation from one variable for one individual
B) two observations from two variables for the same individual
C) the mean
D) two observations from two variables for two individuals

Question 46

For each scenario, identify the best type of visualization for the data
Having two groups: Experimental and Placebo in a drug trial. A researcher wants to plot mean differences in the number of days it took for the patient to recover.

Question 47

For each scenario, identify the best type of visualization for the data
Having the relative frequencies of the individuals' choice for car brands

Question 48

For each scenario, identify the best type of visualization for the data
A research wants to plot the relationship between income and the number of years of education in a sample of employed workers.

Question 49

Identify three good practices involving the use of graphs

Question 50

Explain the difference between a frequency histogram and a bar chart. What data are they each best used for and give an example of how they are used.

Question 51

Use the following stem and leaf-plot to answer the next few questions. The data plots the temperature of the day when there were earthquakes in the last 5 years.

Question 52

Use the following stem and leaf-plot to answer the next few questions. The data plots the temperature of the day when there were earthquakes in the last 5 years.
How many observations were there?

Question 53

Use the following stem and leaf-plot to answer the next few questions. The data plots the temperature of the day when there were earthquakes in the last 5 years.
how many earthquakes occurred between 70 and 80 degrees?

Question 54

Use the following stem and leaf-plot to answer the next few questions. The data plots the temperature of the day when there were earthquakes in the last 5 years.
Identify one other way to graph this data

Question 55

Explain why graphs sometimes need to be interpreted with caution

Question 56

Below are some data about whether a sample of individuals knows how to ride a bicycle
Is this data continuous or discrete?

Question 57

Below are some data about whether a sample of individuals knows how to ride a bicycle
What type of chart did you construct for the question above?

Question 58

Below are some data about whether a sample of individuals knows how to ride a bicycle
What percentage of the participants knows how to ride a bicycle?

Question 59

Below are some data about whether a sample of individuals knows how to ride a bicycle
How many participants do not know how to ride a bicycle?

Question 60

Below are some data about whether a sample of individuals knows how to ride a bicycle
The frequencies of the data would be represented by which axis?

Question 61

Discrete data suggests that…

A) Between any two data points is a continuous scale
B) Between any two adjacent data points there are no possible measurements
C) Between any two adjacent data points there is exactly one possible measurement
D) Between any two observed data points that are the maximum and minimum values of the possible values there are no other measurements possible.

Question 62

Which of the following is usually not an example of discrete data?

A) Biological sex
B) Yes or no responses
C) Length as measured by a ruler
D) Whether an individual has a smart phone or not

Question 63

Continuous data suggests that…

A) the data lie on a continuum between true and false.
B) there can be up to an infinite number of possible responses between any two adjacent data points.
C) there must be a finite number of possible data points between the maximum possible value and the minimum possible value.
D) There are no additional possible measurements between any two adjacent data points on the scale.

Question 64

A frequency histogram is best used when data is ________________ while a bar chart is best used when the data is __________________.

A) on an ordinal scale; on a nominal scale
B) on a ratio scale; on a nominal scale
C) discrete; continuous
D) discrete; on an ordinal scale.

Question 65

Using the data below about how many airline miles each participant accrued over the span of the year
Would a bar chart or a frequency histogram is best for visualizing this data?

Question 66

Using the data below about how many airline miles each participant accrued over the span of the year
Is this a type of data discrete or continuous?

Question 67

Using the data below about how many airline miles each participant accrued over the span of the year
How may people in this data set flew 70,000 or more miles in the last year?

Question 68

Using the data below about how many airline miles each participant accrued over the span of the year
how many people in this data set flew between 20000 and 59999 miles in the last year?

Question 69

Using the data below about how many airline miles each participant accrued over the span of the year
In this type of data visualization, frequencies are plotted on which axis?

Question 70

Which would be the correct way to split the number 357 in a stem-and-leaf graph?

A) 3 would be the stem, and 57 as the leaf.
B) 35 as the stem, and 7 as the leaf.
C) 357 is the stem, there is no leaf.
D) There is no stem, and 357 are all leaf.

Question 71

Which of the following is an advantage of the stem-and-leaf graph over histograms and bar charts?

A) histograms and bar charts are better for nominal and ordinal data, whereas stem-and-leaf plots are better for ratio and interval data.
B) Histograms and bar charts are less useful for ungrouped data, whereas stem-and-leaf graphs are less useful for grouped data.
C) Stem-and-leaf graphs are better for presenting grouped data without losing the original raw format.
D) Stem-and-leaf graphs are better for data that have small frequencies and bar charts and histograms are better for data that have large frequencies.

Question 72

A frequency polygon is most similar to which of the following data visualizations methods?

A) Pie chart
B) Scatter plot
C) Histogram
D) Bar chart

Question 73

Frequency polygons are best used when the data are _____________________.

A) qualitative
B) nominal
C) discrete
D) continuous

Question 74

Approximately how many individuals have GPAs 3.8 or higher?

Question 75

Is this data continuous or discrete?

Question 76

When graphing a relationship between two variables, which of the following would the best option to do so?

A) Histogram
B) Bar chart
C) Pie chart
D) Scatterplot

Question 77

A customer service center is interested in how many calls they get during different times of the day. They record the number of calls they receive ever two hours (time here is presented in military time).
At which hour did the call center receive the fewest calls? At which hour did they receive the most?

Question 78

A customer service center is interested in how many calls they get during different times of the day. They record the number of calls they receive ever two hours (time here is presented in military time).
Would this data be best described as a unimodal or bimodal distribution?