Deck 5: Stress

Question 1

Any situation that creates the psychological and physical strain or tension generated by physical, emotional, social, economic, or occupational circumstances, events, or experiences that are difficult to manage or endure are best described as:

A) Stress
B) Stressors
C) PTSD
D) Negative reinforcement
E) Corticosteroids

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following could be considered physiological effects of stress, EXCEPT:

A) Increased heart rate
B) Release of adrenaline and noradrenaline
C) Shut-down of the digestive system
D) Expansion of air passages in lungs
E) Increased distractibility

Answer 2

E

Question 3

According to Lazarus & Folkman (1984) stress is best regarded as an interaction between:

A) An individua and his/her environment
B) Nature and nurture
C) The mind and the body
D) Biology and psychology
E) Past and present experiences of stress

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The initial response to shock involves which system within the body?

A) GAS
B) SAM
C) HPA
D) BGT
E) DFG

Question 5

The second shock (also known as the countershock) response is thought to primarily involve which system?

A) MRI
B) Adrenal medulla
C) VTA
D) SAM
E) HPA

Question 6

By stimulating the adrenal cortex, ACTH leads most directly to the release of which hormone?

A) Noradrenaline
B) Adrenaline
C) Cortisol
D) Testosterone
E) Somatostatin

Question 7

According to Dickerson and Kemeny (2004), uncontrollable tasks associated with what type of threat produced, amongst other things, the greatest ACTH changes and longest recovery time?

A) Viral
B) Violent
C) Existential
D) Social-evaluative
E) Bacterial

Question 8

Glucocorticoids are generally known to have which of the following effects?

A) Suppress the immune system
B) Increase the rate at which wounds heal
C) Facilitate inflammatory responses
D) Weight loss
E) Early-onset puberty

Question 9

According to Twenge et al (2010) in a comparison of psychopathology scores between 1938 ad 2007 how many times more do young people in 2007 score above the common cut-offs:

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
E) Six

Question 10

What did Aknin et al (2021) find enabled people to cope psychologically during the pandemic?

A) Reactive coping strategies
B) Increased exercise, reading and listening to music
C) Reading the news
D) Checking the local Covid rates
E) Isolating from others

Question 11

Which of the following orderings of life events accords with their likely impact estimated by Holmes and Rahe's (1967) Social Readjustment Rating Scale, going from lowest (left) to highest (right) life change units?

A) Change in eating habits; minor violations of the law; divorce
B) Holiday; minor violations of the law; prison
C) Holiday; death of a spouse; death of a close family member
D) Holiday; death of a close family member; death of a spouse
E) Marital separation; prison; divorce

Question 12

Situations in which work-related returns are low relative to the exertion required most directly suggest:

A) An effort-reward imbalance
B) Low job control
C) High job demands
D) Burnout
E) Improvements in health status

Question 13

Wang et al. (2008) concluded that organisations with greater power centralisation and emphasis on innovation were associated with higher levels of:

A) Elaboration
B) Self-efficacy
C) Actualisation
D) Technostress
E) Horizontal integration

Question 14

An increase in which key factor did Leiter et al. (2012) identify as decreasing burnout?

A) Pay
B) Holiday entitlement
C) Flexibility
D) Socialisation
E) Personal achievement

Question 15

Current correlational research discussed in the text most strongly suggests that individuals with Type A personality are more likely than those with Type B personality to:

A) Be less competitive
B) Be more relaxed
C) Suffer from coronary heart disease
D) Have greater happiness
E) Suffer from irritable bowel syndrome

Question 16

High negative affectivity and high social inhibition are most closely associated with which personality type?

A) A
B) D
C) E
D) B
E) C

Question 17

The fact Type A, type D and those high in negative affectivity report higher stress levels but do not have significant increases in physical disease has been attributed to which bias?

A) Researcher
B) Participant
C) Interpretive
D) Social desirability
E) Demand characteristics

Question 18

Segerstrom and Miller (2004) concluded that short-lived stressors produce:

A) Increased natural immunity
B) Decreased natural immunity
C) Reductions in specific immunities for people under 30
D) Reductions in natural immunities for people under 30
E) Reductions in natural and specific immunities for people under 30

Question 19

Cohen and Williamson (1991) found that stressed individuals tend to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Sleep less
B) Smoke
C) Drink more alcohol
D) Take less exercise
E) Restrict caloric intake

Question 20

Assessment, stress reduction techniques, and application and follow-through make up the three main phases of which intervention developed by Meichenbaum (1985)?

A) Rational-emotive therapy (RET)
B) Exposure therapy
C) Recuperative meditation
D) Insight therapy
E) Stress inoculation training

Question 21

Emotion-focused coping typically involves some combination of the following, EXCEPT:

A) Seeking social support
B) Distraction
C) Avoidance
D) Information-guided decision making
E) Emotional control

Question 22

According to the central argument of Zakowski et al.'s (2001) goodness-of-fit hypothesis, it is preferable to use problem-focused coping (as opposed to emotional-focused coping) when the stressor is:

A) Mild
B) Uncontrollable
C) Controllable
D) Moderate
E) Pervasive

Question 23

According to Taylor et al. (2000) which hormone plays a key role in the 'tend and befriend' response?

A) oxytocin
B) Estrogen
C) testosterone
D) adrenaline
E) cortisol