Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt introduced introspection. This is a process that involves THIS:&#10;A) Reporting one's unconscious thoughts&#10;B) Reporting one's behaviour&#10;C) Reporting one's past experiences&#10;D) Reporting one's conscious thoughts&#10;E) Reporting one's memories

Accepted Answer

Introspection means looking inward and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and experiences. This was the method used by Wilhelm Wundt in his experimental psychology laboratory to study the nature of consciousness.

Question 2

Watson's criticism of introspection was that it is limited because we are THIS of mental processes.&#10;A) In control&#10;B) Unaware&#10;C) Unable to control&#10;D) Aware&#10;E) Bored

Accepted Answer

Watson's criticism of introspection was that it is limited because we are unaware of mental processes. Watson believed that introspection was subjective, unreliable, and unverifiable as it depended on an individual's personal experience and perception. Instead, he proposed the use of objective methods like behaviorism to study observable behavior.

Question 3

Popper asked his students to do this:&#10;A) Revise&#10;B) Study&#10;C) Evaluate&#10;D) Think&#10;E) Observe

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

What criticism is made by cognitive psychologist of behaviourism? It lacks explanatory power because THESE cannot be observed:&#10;A) Internal mental processes&#10;B) External learned behaviours&#10;C) The inner psyche&#10;D) External mental processes&#10;E) Biological processes

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists argue that behaviourism has limited explanatory power because it disregards internal mental processes, such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 5

What is described as one of the most remarkable achievements of childhood?&#10;A) Walking&#10;B) Reading&#10;C) Language&#10;D) Attachment&#10;E) Thinking

Accepted Answer

Language acquisition is considered one of the most remarkable achievements of childhood because it involves the complex process of understanding and producing spoken and often written symbols that convey meaning within a cultural context, all of which is typically mastered at a very young age.

Question 6

What is described as one of the greatest changes in social psychology over the past 20 years. An increasing focus on the X processes underpinning social interactions:&#10;A) Biological&#10;B) Developmental&#10;C) Abnormal&#10;D) Cognitive&#10;E) Behavioural

Accepted Answer

Over the past 20 years, there has been an increasing focus on the cognitive processes underpinning social interactions, which has been described as one of the greatest changes in social psychology. This includes studying how people perceive, interpret, and respond to social situations, as well as how their thinking can be influenced by social context and biases.

Question 7

According to Freud, what is the basis of mental disorder?&#10;A) Genetic inheritance&#10;B) Faulty cognitions&#10;C) Learned behaviours&#10;D) Unresolved unconscious conflicts&#10;E) Social difficulties

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the basis of mental disorder lies in unresolved unconscious conflicts. These conflicts arise from repressed desires and impulses that are deemed socially unacceptable and are pushed into the unconscious mind. Unresolved conflicts can then lead to mental disorders such as anxiety disorders and personality disorders.

Question 8

Which type of test was first invented by Francis Galton?&#10;A) Intelligence&#10;B) Culture&#10;C) Attachment&#10;D) Memory&#10;E) Personality

Accepted Answer

Francis Galton is credited with inventing the first intelligence test in the late 1800s.

Question 9

Which statistical technique did Spearman pioneer?&#10;A) Correlational analysis&#10;B) Factor analysis&#10;C) Meta-analysis&#10;D) Spearman's rho&#10;E) Regression analysis

Accepted Answer

Spearman is most well-known for pioneering factor analysis, which is a technique used to identify underlying factors or dimensions that explain the pattern of correlations among a set of variables. While he also developed Spearman's rho, a correlational analysis technique, it is not as widely used or influential as factor analysis. Meta-analysis and regression analysis were both developed by other statisticians.

Question 10

In Pavlov's study what was the food initially?&#10;A) UCS&#10;B) UCR&#10;C) CS&#10;D) CR&#10;E) Neutral stimulus

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's study what was the food...

Question 11

Which of these is not a feature of classical conditioning?&#10;A) Generalisation&#10;B) Extrapolation&#10;C) Discrimination&#10;D) Extinction&#10;E) Spontaneous recovery

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is not a feature...

Question 12

Which important factor did Pavlov ignore in his theory of classical conditioning?&#10;A) Survival&#10;B) Reinforcement&#10;C) Cognition&#10;D) Early development&#10;E) Individual differences

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which important factor did Pavlov ignore in...

Question 13

Which law underpins operant conditioning? The law of X:&#10;a. Association&#10;b. Effect&#10;c. Learning&#10;d. Stimulus&#10;e. Development

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which law underpins operant conditioning? The law...

Question 14

What term is used to describe the form of operant conditioning where behaviour is changed slowly and closer and closer approximations of the desired behaviour are rewarded?&#10;A) Modelling&#10;B) Reinforcing&#10;C) Chaining&#10;D) Shaping&#10;E) Learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term is used to describe the...

Question 15

Which of these is not a reinforcement schedule?&#10;A) Fixed ratio&#10;B) Intermittent variable&#10;C) Variable interval&#10;D) Fixed interval&#10;E) Variable ratio

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these is not a reinforcement...

Question 16

What important factor did Fenstermacher and Saudino (2007) identify in observational learning?&#10;A) Attention&#10;B) Modelling&#10;C) Genetics&#10;D) Motivation&#10;E) Cognition

Accepted Answer

The answer of What important factor did Fenstermacher and Saudino...

Deck 2: History of Psychology