Deck 6: Lipids: The Condensed Energy

Question 1

Stearic acid is associated with heart disease because it has a detrimental effect on serum cholesterol.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 1

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 2

The strongest dietary determinant of blood cholesterol is dietary saturated and trans fatty acid because they reduce concentration of lipids in the blood.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 2

The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.

Question 3

Each is a true of cholesterol,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Cholesterol is a precursor of vitamin D.
B) Lipoproteins transport cholesterol in the blood.
C) It has a complex hexagonal structure.
D) Cholesterol intake is not essential.
E) Cholesterol is a sterol derivative.

Answer 3

It has a complex hexagonal structure.

Question 4

Linoleic and arachidonic acids are omega-6 fatty acids because their first double bond occurs on the sixth carbon from the omega (terminal)end.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 5

Lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrate because lipids contain more oxygen in proportion to hydrogen and carbon.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 6

Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol is a triglyceride.Each of the fatty acids attached to a particular triglyceride is the same.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 7

Select foods that contain partially hydrogenated fats because they contain trans fatty acids.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 8

Patients should be counseled to substitute foods with trans fats for those with saturated fat because saturated fat has a less detrimental effect on blood lipids.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 9

Hydrogenation results in naturally unsaturated vegetable oils being changed to saturated fatty acids (SFAs).This process changes the proportion of the SFAs but does not influence the shape of the fatty acid.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 10

Excess dietary carbohydrates and protein are converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.Stored fatty acids can be used as an energy source for all cells.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Which is NOT a recommendation in the Dietary Guidelines?

A) Consumption of SFAs and trans fats should be as low as possible.
B) Less than 10% of kilocalories should come from saturated fats.
C) Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
D) Substitute saturated fats with high carbohydrate foods.

Question 12

Lecithin,a phospholipid used for energy,is present in all cells.Lecithin is present in thromboplastin,which is necessary for blood clotting.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

Oleic acid is classified as a trans fatty acid because it is hydrogenated.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 14

Which is NOT a component of a lipoprotein?

A) Linoleic acid
B) Triglycerides
C) Phospholipids
D) Cholesterol

Question 15

Most margarines contain more saturated fats than butter.However,margarine does not contain cholesterol.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs)contain only single bonds.Palmitic and stearic acids,both SFAs,are structural components of the periodontium.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 17

Which fatty acid has the most hydrogen atoms?

A) Saturated
B) Monounsaturated
C) Polyunsaturated

Question 18

Each is true of phospholipids,except one.Which is the exception?

A) They contain phosphorus and a nitrogenous base.
B) They contain fatty acids and glycerol.
C) They cannot be absorbed intact.
D) They are a structural component of tooth enamel, dentin, and cell membranes.
E) They are used for energy.

Question 19

Each is true of fatty acids,except one.Which is the exception?

A) The carbon chain length is a determinant of flavor and hardness.
B) The degree of saturation is a determinant of melting point.
C) Melting point is the temperature at which a product becomes a gel.
D) Most saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

Question 20

Fats with a high proportion of saturated fatty acids deteriorate and become rancid because low temperatures and dark environments elicit oxidation and fat decomposition.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 21

Plant sterols added to food products may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD)because they interfere with cholesterol absorption.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 22

A new patient expresses her interest in limiting fat kilocalorie intake,when the hygienist engages in nutritional counseling.Which strategy is NOT recommended?

A) Marinate leaner cuts of meat in lemon juice, flavored vinegars, or fruit juices.
B) Small amounts of olive or canola oil in salads increases absorption of antioxidants.
C) Avoid saturated fats such as butter, lard, and palm and coconut oil.
D) Choose cream cheese as a spread for sandwiches.

Question 23

High-density lipoproteins are considered detrimental to cardiovascular health because they contain only trace amounts of protein and large amounts of lipid.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 24

Which is the most common trans fatty acid?

A) Elaidic
B) Vaccenic
C) Oleic
D) Stearic

Question 25

Which fat is the most saturated?

A) Soybean
B) Canola
C) Palm
D) Olive

Question 26

The body synthesizes linoleic acid,an omega-6 fatty acid.Deficiency symptoms include growth retardation,skin lesions,and reproductive failure.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 27

Dental hygienists should recommend that patients avoid beef graded "select" because this grade contains a high level of fat and marbling.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 28

Each is characteristic of fat,except one.Which is the exception?

A) 95% of ingested fats are absorbed.
B) Hard fats are digested more quickly than soft fats that are liquid at body temperature.
C) Fats that contribute to palatability and flavor of foods.
D) Cooked fats improve texture of foods.

Question 29

To distinguish obesity from edema,the skin should be palpated and observed through light magnification.The skin of an obese patient will exhibit a flabby consistency in contrast to the spongy consistency found in edematous skin.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 30

The American Heart Association dietary guidelines recommend that egg consumption be limited to three per week.One large egg contains less than 200 mg of cholesterol.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 31

Which has the most satiety value?

A) Complex carbohydrates
B) High-quality protein
C) Low-quality protein
D) Fat

Question 32

Stated in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL),which optimal level is incorrect?

A) Total cholesterol should be less than 150.
B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) should be less than 100.
C) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) should be greater than 60.
D) Triglyceride should be less than 150.

Question 33

Which statement is false?

A) A fasting lipoprotein profile for all adults older than 20 years should be taken every 5 years.
B) LDL cholesterol levels less than 200 mg/dL throughout life are associated with a low risk of CVD.
C) Reducing LDL cholesterol reduces likelihood of acute coronary syndromes.
D) Drug treatment can be added if the lipoprotein profile does not normalize after implementing American Heart Association guidelines.

Question 34

The best way for a patient without cardiovascular disease to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to:

A) increase intake of oils from seeds.
B) consume a variety of fish at least twice a week.
C) limit intake of polyunsaturated fats.
D) take fish oil supplements.

Question 35

Proactive health care providers are wise to encourage patients to lower total dietary fat consumption because replacing fats with carbohydrates decreases cardiovascular risk factors.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 36

Which is NOT associated with the increased risk of cancer?

A) Saturated fat
B) Omega-3 fatty acids
C) Kilocalories contributed by fat
D) Increased body weight

Question 37

Patients should be counseled to select foods labeled as "low cholesterol." Stick margarine,a cholesterol-free product,is a good selection because it is low in saturated fat and only partially hydrogenated.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 38

Fats contribute to a feeling of fullness for a longer time than carbohydrates or protein because digestion of high-fat meals more efficiently deposits fat molecules in adipose tissue.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 39

The diet of a patient who consumes 120 g of fat from eating 3000 kcal/day is 36% fat.Each gram of saturated fat has 9 cal,while each gram of unsaturated fat has only 4 cal.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 40

Which food group in MyPyramid always contains fat?

A) Fruits
B) Vegetables
C) Milk
D) Grains
E) Meat

Question 41

In each condition,underconsumption of fat is a concern,except one.Which is the exception?

A) Malabsorption syndromes
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) AIDS
D) Hypertension