Deck 11: MTDNA Sequencing

Question 1

What did Helen hand over to Jenkins that pertained to the bone recovered by the fisherman?

A) DNA profile
B) Information about Rita Graystone
C) Confirmation that the skeletal remains was consistent with Rita Graystone
D) mitochondrial DNA sequence
E) all of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What did detective Sanders confide in private to Captain White?

A) Chang's inexperience was hindering the investigation
B) Reassign Chang to a different mentor
C) The partnership between Jenkins and Chang was going well.
D) All of the above
E) Choice 'a' & 'b' are correct

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Chang was describing a laboratory instrument that utilizes fluorescent dyes, DNA fragments, electrical field, etc. What is the name of this device?

A) Thermocouple
B) DNA Sequencer
C) Spectrophotometer
D) Micropipettor
E) Sonicator

Answer 3

B

Question 4

While Sanders was observing Chang working in the lab, what piece of information did he share with her?

A) Sanders and Jenkins had partnered up before on a previous case
B) Sanders was interested in dating Chang
C) Jenkins was a dishonest detective
D) He and Jenkins had a bet that the current partnership would not work
E) Jenkins was not the most reliable person to work with

Question 5

As the conversation ended Sanders suggested to Chang

A) that she be reassigned to work with him
B) that she continue working with Jenkins
C) that she kept the conversation between the two of them private
D) all of the above
E) choice 'a' & 'c' are correct

Question 6

What comments made by Jenkins and or Chang may indicate that their relationship was making a turn for the better? Cite specific references in storyline.

Question 7

Why is Detective Sanders so motivated to see that the Jenkins and Chang partnership not work out?

Question 8

Based on the suggestions offered by detective Sanders and you were in Miss Chang's situation what would you do?

Question 9

What are the central ideas in this chapter?

Question 10

Which of the following pieces of physical evidence is the most informative in solving this case?

A) Shoe print casting
B) Trace evidence
C) Blood spatter patterns
D) DNA sequencing
E) All of the above

Question 11

……are used in DNA sequence comparison to determine a possible match between evidence DNA to a reference DNA profile.

A) Base pairs
B) Ribose sugars
C) Phosphate molecules
D) Hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
E) None of the above

Question 12

What are STR's?

A) Short tandem repeats of DNA
B) Variable number of tandem repeats of DNA
C) Regions of the DNA that produce a protein
D) An organelle in the cell that produces ATP
E) Stand for STandard Repeats

Question 13

What other cell organelle contains DNA?

A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi bodies

Question 14

The strands of DNA that are being replicated is referred to as the..

A) Template
B) Primer
C) Nucleotides
D) Ribose sugar
E) Base pairs

Question 15

Complimentary base pairing involves the following matches.

A) A to C & G to T
B) A to G & C to T
C) A to A & G to G
D) A to T & G to C
E) G to T & C to C

Question 16

Which of the following is not part of DNA replication?

A) Template
B) DNA polymerase
C) Complimentary base pairing
D) Messenger RNA
E) Annealing of primer

Question 17

The 'deoxy' part of Deoxyribonucleic acid means….

A) Missing an oxygen at the 2' carbon
B) Missing a hydrogen at the 2' carbon
C) Missing an oxygen at the 1' carbon
D) Missing a hydrogen at the 1' carbon
E) Missing a nitrogen at the 3' carbon

Question 18

A nucleotide is made up of a….

A) alcohol, phosphate, base
B) Sugar, hydroxide, base
C) Ribose, phosphate, water molecule
D) Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, base
E) All of the above

Question 19

DNA is classified as an acid and is negatively charged because….

A) The phosphate group grabs onto hydrogen atoms
B) The deoxyribose group donates hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl group
C) The phosphate group donates hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl group
D) The deoxyribose group loses an oxygen atom at the 2' carbon
E) None of the above

Question 20

dNTPs are the raw materials for DNA replication, is an abbreviation for ….

A) deoxynucleoside triphosphate
B) deoxynucleoside tripyrimidine
C) duplicatenucleotide triphosphate
D) deoxynucleoside thyminephosphate
E) duplicatenucleoside triphosphate

Question 21

The designation dATP means…..

A) deoxynucleoside thymine triphosphate
B) deoxynucleoside adenine triphosphate
C) deoxynucleoside guanine triphosphate
D) deoxynucleoside cytosine triphosphate
E) all of the above

Question 22

Nucleotides will be added in a ………..at the…….carbon position of the sugar molecule.

A) Complimentary manner, 5'
B) Complimentary manner, 1'
C) Complimentary manner, 2'
D) Complimentary manner, 3'
E) Complimentary manner, 3'

Question 23

A deoxyribose sugar that has lost both of its oxygen at the 2' & 3' positions is called a….

A) Nucleoside
B) Nucleotide
C) Dideoxynucleotide
D) Deoxynucleotide
E) dNTP

Question 24

Which of the scientist below developed a way to sequence DNA based on the 3' position of a deoxyribose sugar?

A) Watson
B) Crick
C) Darwin
D) Sanger
E) Venter

Question 25

If a growing DNA strand incorporates a ddNTP during a cycle sequencing reaction, the elongation…

A) Will continue to grow by incorporating nucleotides
B) Will continue to grow if the next nucleotide is a dNTP
C) Will terminate at that point in the elongation process
D) Will terminate when the next dNTP gets incorporated
E) Choice "a" & 'b' are correct

Question 26

The Sanger method of sequencing known as the chain termination method had several drawbacks. The drawbacks were…..

A) Had to work with radioactive isotopes to tag the terminated fragments
B) Time consuming
C) Disposal issue involving radioactive materials
D) None of the above
E) Choice 'a', 'b', 'c' are correct

Question 27

Scientists at Cal Tech (Pasadena, Ca. and Applied Biosystems (Foster City, Ca.) improved upon the Sanger sequencing method. Which one of the following statements is not true.

A) Replacing the use of radioactive isotopes with fluorescent dyes
B) Detection of these dyes using UV-vis spectrophotometer
C) A machine developed by Applied Biosystems that was an automated sequencing instrument
D) Employed the Sanger approach with ddNTPs as terminating bases
E) Primers were labeled with fluorescent dyes (dye primer approach)

Question 28

The latest type of sequencing technique is called……..which involves fluorescently tagged…..

A) dye primer sequencing, dNTPs
B) dye terminator sequencing, dNTPs
C) dye primer sequencing, ddNTPs
D) dye terminator sequencing, NTPs
E) dye terminator sequencing, ddNTPs

Question 29

If a growing chain of DNA is terminated by a ddATP, the complimentary strand is…

A) Adenine
B) Thymine
C) Guanine
D) Cytosine
E) Uracil

Question 30

During a gel electrophoresis run, sequenced fragments migrate …… proportional to size and are detected by a……….

A) Directly, ambient light
B) Inversely, sodium light
C) Directly, UV light
D) Inversely, laser light
E) Inversely, spectral light

Question 31

Explain the similarities and differences between dye primer sequencing vs. dye terminator sequencing.

Question 32

Many of the 9/11 victims were identified by mtDNA sequencing. Considering the conditions of that infamous event what are the advantages and disadvantages of using this form of human identification.

Question 33

If a sequencing reaction produces the following sequence of bases, what is the sequence of the complimentary DNA strand…..TAAGTCGATGC

A) ATTGACCTACG
B) TTTCAGCTACG
C) ATTCAGCCATG
D) ATTCAGCTACG
E) ATTCAGCTGGG

Question 34

How do you order a series of discontinuous DNA fragments?

A) Look for complimentary DNA bases
B) Look for overlapping segments
C) Look for mutations in the DNA fragments
D) Look for ddNTPs in the fragments
E) Look for dNTPs in the fragments

Question 35

A contig is a set of ….

A) overlapping dye primers
B) overlapping DNA polymerase enzymes
C) overlapping amino acid segments
D) overlapping DNA segments
E) overlapping phosphate segments

Question 36

After a cycle sequencing reaction is completed in a thermocycler and the DNA fragments are subjected to capillary gel electrophoresis, what property of the DNA sequenced fragments determine the order in which if passes through the laser detector?

A) Based on charge
B) Based on size of sequenced DNA fragments
C) Based on the chemical structure of the DNA fragments
D) Based on the % of guanines and cytosines in the DNA fragment
E) Based on the % of adenines and thymines in the DNA fragments

Question 37

Compare and contrast a DNA profile vs. an mtDNA sequencing profile.