Deck 3: Federalism

Question 1

Federalism is a system of government in which

A) several levels of government exercise power over different bodies of citizens.
B) several sovereign states exercise power over the same body of citizens.
C) several political units exercise authority over the same body of citizens.
D) several political units share and exercise authority over the same body of citizens.
E) several different right's are accorded to the national government by states.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The framers of the Constitution chose which form of federalism for America?

A) A confederation of states possessing equal power.
B) A unitary system in which all of the power is concentrated in the national government.
C) A system of shared sovereignty with the national and state government both possessing governmental power.
D) A system of dual federalism in which both the state and the national government have equal power.
E) A system of funding which freed the states from having the federal government determine how the money would be spent.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A central government with unlimited powers would be an example of a(n)

A) unitary system.
B) confederate system.
C) federal system.
D) anarchy.
E) binary system of governance.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The framers rejected all BUT the following system of government:

A) the unitary system.
B) the confederation system.
C) the federalist system.
D) the monarchical system.
E) the court politics system.

Question 5

Governmental experimentation and innovation

A) were invented by Louis D. Brandeis.
B) are characteristics of a unitary system.
C) are advantages of a federal system.
D) are usually failures.
E) are disadvantages of a federal system.

Question 6

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruling that same-sex marriages were constitutional in 2003, illustrates the concept of

A) unitary government.
B) supreme sovereignty.
C) c. states rights.
D) "Defense of Marriage" Law.
E) confederation.

Question 7

One of the advantages of federalism is

A) a. it ensures diversity among policies and programs.
B) it preferences the federal government over state government.
C) it makes sure laws are consistent between states.
D) it makes sure states must do what other states do in the country.
E) there are no advantages to the federal system.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the federalism?

A) healthy dispersal of power
B) diversity in policy and programs
C) increases experimentation and innovation
D) d. groups can obstruct national mandates
E) it reserves power to the states.

Question 9

George W. Bush's public education reform act that sent billions of dollars to states for education in exchange for tougher testing standards was known as the

A) Dollars for Details Act.
B) No Child Left Behind Act.
C) Educational Reform Act.
D) Students' Rights Act.
E) Educational Improvement Act.

Question 10

Federal mandates are

A) unconstitutional.
B) direct orders from Congress to the states for implementation.
C) are always funded.
D) are never funded.
E) never adopted by states.

Question 11

Powers specifically delegated to the national government are referred to as

A) delegated powers.
B) superior powers.
C) mentor powers.
D) absolute powers.
E) national powers.

Question 12

The textbook defines the fulcrum of powers as

A) the interstate commerce clause, the general welfare clause, and the Tenth Amendment.
B) the necessary and proper clause, the general welfare clause, and the Tenth Amendment.
C) the unitary system, the confederate system, and the federal system.
D) the national supremacy clause, the First Amendment, and the Tenth Amendment.
E) the First Amendment, Third Amendment and the Fourth Amendment.

Question 13

The interstate commerce clause

A) allows the states to regulate the transportation of goods within their borders.
B) allows states to regulate the sale and manufacture of goods within their borders.
C) allows states to regulate the movement of goods across state borders.
D) allows states with poor economies to impose tariffs on goods imported from other states.
E) allows Congress to regulate the sale and movement of goods and services across state borders.

Question 14

A broad interpretation of the commerce clause

A) expands national powers.
B) expands state powers.
C) discourages states from working with each other.
D) encourages states to penalize each other.
E) discourages the expansion of national powers.

Question 15

The constitutional basis for the ability of the national government to encourage states to adopt certain policies is

A) the national rights clause.
B) Article I, section 8.
C) the elastic clause.
D) the general welfare clause.
E) the supremacy clause.

Question 16

The ability of the federal government to regulate the racial discrimination practices of restaurants is based on the

A) First Amendment.
B) Tenth Amendment.
C) interstate commerce clause.
D) habeas corpus clause.
E) the supremacy clause.

Question 17

What did Congress use as the principle constitutional basis for the 1964 Civil Rights Act?

A) its power to regulate interstate commerce
B) the Tenth Amendment
C) the supremacy clause
D) the general welfare clause
E) habeas corpus clause

Question 18

The primary way the general welfare clause has been used to expand national powers is through the national government

A) directing antipoverty programs.
B) forcing state governments to operate the antipoverty programs.
C) regulating the civil rights policies of state governments.
D) giving money to states to operate programs according to national standards.
E) controlling the state and local police.

Question 19

The General Welfare Clause is a good example of

A) carrot and stick programs.
B) the Triad of Powers.
C) the Supremacy Clause
D) delegated powers.
E) implied powers.

Question 20

The "Necessary and Proper" Clause

A) allows Congress to collect taxes.
B) b. expands the reach of Congressional powers.
C) allows Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations.
D) allows Congress to regulate commerce with states.
E) allows Congress to protect state powers.

Question 21

If state laws conflict with federal laws, the ______________ ensures states enforce federal law.

A) a. Supremacy Clause.
B) "Necessary and Proper" Clause
C) General Welfare Clause
D) Interstate Commerce Clause
E) Tenth Amendment

Question 22

The congressional power by which it can control state action, using spending programs to encourage states to implement their policy, and the withdrawal of money if they do not, is called

A) deposit and withdrawal.
B) carrot and stick.
C) dog and pony.
D) health and welfare.
E) give and take.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a reserved power?

A) the power to enact local zoning regulations
B) the power to set a date for counting electoral college votes
C) the power to commission naval officers
D) the power to regulate commerce
E) the power to tax and spend to construct national highways.

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of police powers?

A) the power to issue tickets for traffic violations
B) the power to impeach federal judges
C) the power to determine the precious metal content of coins
D) the power to impound funds
E) the power to commission naval officers

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a delegated power?

A) the power to coin money
B) the exclusionary rule
C) the bill of attainder
D) interstate relations
E) police powers

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of an implied congressional power?

A) the power to create the Federal Reserve
B) the authority to coin money
C) the power to declare war
D) the power to propose amendments to the Constitution
E) the power to make treaties

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of an inherent power?

A) America's going to war to defend itself after the terrorist attacks on 9/11.
B) the electoral college
C) the power to impeach
D) the power to ratify treaties
E) the power to tax and spend

Question 28

How did the Supreme Court regulate federalism between 1877 and 1937?

A) It created the idea of "dual federalism," allowing state powers to frustrate the national government.
B) It created the power of "minimal federalism," giving the states very little power.
C) It created the power of "judicial federalism," ruling that the Court would supervise the federalism boundaries.
D) It created the notion of "congressional federalism," allowing Congress to set the boundaries of federalism.
E) It created the idea of "regulatory federalism," which allowed the President to supervise federal boundaries.

Question 29

After the 1937 court-packing attempt, the Court's philosophy of federalism being shared between the national and the state governments became

A) concurrent federalism.
B) cooperative federalism.
C) preemptive federalism.
D) intermittent federalism.
E) commingling federalism

Question 30

Justice Louis D. Brandeis was a big proponent of federalism, calling the states

A) "vigilantes of democracy."
B) "experimenters of democracy."
C) "proponents of democracy."
D) "defenders of democracy."
E) "Laboratories of democracy."

Question 31

The dispute between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton over the constitutionality of the national bank exemplifies

A) the difficulty the framers had reaching agreement as to whether or not national law would supercede state laws.
B) the tariff wars which developed between the states.
C) two different visions of the scope of national powers.
D) two different visions of the utility of money.
E) the denial of certain rights to states and the nation associated with British rule.

Question 32

Among other holdings, the case of McCulloch v. Maryland

A) reaffirmed the power of the states to levy taxes.
B) found that the necessary and proper clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish a national bank.
C) found that the necessary and proper clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution did give Congress the authority to establish a national bank.
D) reaffirmed the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce.
E) reaffirmed the rights of states to find national laws null and void.

Question 33

The case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

A) clarified the authority of Congress to regulate commerce between two or more states.
B) overturned the Supreme Court's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland.
C) expanded state power.
D) determined that the states had no role to play in intrastate commerce.
E) provided President Franklin Delano Roosevelt with the power to add more members to the Supreme Court.

Question 34

The theory of nullification argues that

A) a state may declare war to protect its interests.
B) a state may refuse to defer to national supremacy.
C) Congress has the power to declare a state law null and void.
D) the president has the authority to declare a state law null and void.
E) determined that the states had no role to play in intrastate commerce.

Question 35

How did John Marshall interpret the Constitution's interstate commerce clause power in Gibbons v. Ogden?

A) narrowly
B) broadly
C) to favor the states
D) to favor the military
E) to favor citizens

Question 36

The constitutional basis for dual federalism was

A) the Twelfth Amendment.
B) the commerce clause.
C) the necessary and proper clause.
D) the Tenth Amendment.
E) the necessary and proper clause.

Question 37

The Great Depression launched the era of

A) dual federalism.
B) cooperative federalism.
C) competitive federalism.
D) new federalism.
E) new federalism.

Question 38

It would appear that the difference between one era of federalism and another is

A) meaningless.
B) determined by the president.
C) determined by Congress.
D) the extent of national powers relative to state powers.
E) the continued expansion of state powers over time.

Question 39

Which of the following was associated with the Depression of the 1930s?

A) the Fair Deal
B) the Great Society
C) the New Deal
D) Welfare to Work
E) Aid to Families with Dependent Children

Question 40

President Franklin Roosevelt's plan to pack the Supreme Court resulted in

A) a broader interpretation of the powers of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
B) the Tenth Amendment being declared unconstitutional.
C) the elimination of trade unions.
D) his impeachment and removal from office.
E) a more restrictive interpretation of the powers of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

Question 41

A consequence of creative federalism was

A) a decrease in the size of the federal bureaucracy.
B) that Americans began to rely upon state government to resolve their problems.
C) that groups which had historically been either neglected or abused by state and local governments continued to be denied access to the policy-making process.
D) an increase in the size of the federal bureaucracy.
E) to undermine the federal system in the United States.

Question 42

The incorporation process

A) extended all of the protections of the national Bill of Rights to the states.
B) allows states to set their own standards in the area of criminal justice.
C) resulted in the national government becoming the primary protector of civil rights and liberties.
D) nullifies the Tenth Amendment.
E) provided for federal money to support federal initiatives at the state level.

Question 43

A grant-in-aid is

A) money loaned to the Supreme Court by the president.
B) federal money given to the states with the stipulation that they abide by certain requirements.
C) a public policy designed to curb alcohol consumption.
D) money given to the national government by the states.
E) money provided to Congress through the federal budget.

Question 44

There are various types of grants-in-aid. Which of the following usually requires matching funds?

A) formula grants
B) block grants
C) categorical grants
D) conditional grants
E) provisional grants

Question 45

Formula grants are federal monies

A) a. allocated to states based on a prescribed legislative distribution formula.
B) distributed for specific purposes after a fairly competitive application process.
C) used at the discretion of the recipient government.
D) used to address specific purposes, usually with strict rules attached.
E) used to induce states to implement policies in accordance with federally mandated guidelines.

Question 46

A project grant is often referred to as a discretionary grant because

A) the number of such grants varies widely from one year to the next.
B) they are distributed with strings attached.
C) the application process is lengthy and very complex.
D) these grants are seldom approved.
E) they are distributed at the discretion of a designated legislator or administrator.

Question 47

National grants to states and localities have ____________ for the last decade.

A) been sharply decreasing
B) remained stagnant
C) been rising steadily
D) been frequently denied
E) been more competitive

Question 48

Block grants were created by President

A) Abraham Lincoln.
B) Lyndon Johnson.
C) John Kennedy.
D) Dwight Eisenhower.
E) Harry S. Truman.

Question 49

The most obvious consequence of federal grants has been

A) an expansion of national powers.
B) an expansion of state powers.
C) a devolution revolution.
D) uniform drug laws.
E) increased levels of employment.

Question 50

President Obama began following a system of "___________ federalism," following Louis D. Brandeis's notion of the "laboratories of democracy" by leaving it to state governments to innovate in areas such as environmental protection and business reform.

A) new
B) cooperative
C) combative
D) Dual
E) Progressive

Question 51

After the Civil War, the prevailing view of federalism was one of _______ federalism.

A) new
B) cooperative
C) creative
D) dual
E) progressive

Question 52

Which of the following Presidents put an end to dual federalism?

A) Andrew Jackson
B) James Polk
C) Calvin Coolidge
D) Herbert Hoover
E) Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Question 53

_________ federalism is an initiative that expanded the concept of the partnership between the national government and the states under President Lyndon Johnson in the 1960s.

A) Creative
B) Cooperative
C) New
D) Dual
E) Progressive

Question 54

The Supreme Court ruled that certain guarantees in the Bill of Rights are part of the due process right guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment against state government intrusion. This process was called the ________ of the Bill of Rights.

A) devolution
B) incorporation
C) federalization
D) entitlement
E) formulation

Question 55

The devolution revolution is a term, which signifies the shift in policy-making responsibility to _________.

A) House of Representatives
B) Senate
C) Supreme Court
D) President
E) states.
)

Question 56

What type of an agenda was George W. Bush hoping to promote?

A) federal
B) states' rights
C) multinational
D) improve relations between the states
E) centralize control in the federal government

Question 57

In general, debates about federalism

A) are ideological, with liberals wanting more central government and traditional conservatives more state or private actions.
B) are empty of any substantive political value.
C) reveal that very little actually separates liberal Democrats and conservative Republicans on the role of government.
D) are seldom influenced by party affiliation.
E) by lack of interest in policy.

Question 58

The addition of President Trump's three judicial appointments will likely have what effect on federalism policy in America?

A) It will tip toward the states.
B) It will tip toward the federal government.
C) It will create a better balance between the federal government and the states.
D) It will have no effect, but will mirror Rehnquist Court opinions.
E) It will have little effect but will mirror John Roberts' opinions.

Question 59

Which of these presidents has been least interested in expanding national spending?

A) Lyndon Johnson.
B) Bill Clinton.
C) George H. W. Bush.
D) Ronald Reagan.
E) Barack Obama

Question 60

The process of the national government claiming a power and preventing the states from acting in that area under the supremacy clause is called

A) acquisition.
B) attribution.
C) contraction.
D) allowance.
E) preemption.

Question 61

President Trump attempted to undermine policy goals of the Obama Administration by using ____________ to undercut Obama Administration policies by using executive orders, policy proposals, and legal challenges seeking to cause the whole system to collapse.

A) Jenga Federalism
B) Congressional mandates
C) Dual Federalism
D) Judicial decree
E) The necessary and proper clause

Question 62

The Trump Administration's approach to the COVID-19 pandemic wound up delegating significant powers to the states (such as decisions whether to close the economy and how best to distribute the vaccine).

Question 63

In Federalist no. 10, James Madison discusses the advantages of a unitary system over a confederate system.

Question 64

The US Supreme Court determined that bans on same sex marriage resulted in direct damages to gay couples, and made gay marriage the law of the land.

Question 65

Federalism has few advantages.

Question 66

The major difference between national power and states' rights is that the national government offers a uniform policy while the many state policies offer diverse policies.

Question 67

Unfunded federal mandates allow the national government to control policy while shifting the financial burden to the states.

Question 68

The full faith and credit guarantee is one of many Constitutional powers promoting federalism.

Question 69

The Tenth Amendment preserves the following state police powers: health, safety, morals, and public welfare.

Question 70

The supremacy clause, by giving the laws of the federal government predominance over the States in the event of an overlap or conflict, does not support the idea of federalism.

Question 71

An unfunded federal mandate is when the federal government passes a law requiring the state to act but does not provide the money for that policy.

Question 72

Congress has used the commerce clause to establish uniform policies in a number of issue areas.

Question 73

The Tenth Amendment reserves those governmental powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.

Question 74

The general welfare clause may be found in Article III, section 9, of the Constitution.

Question 75

Delegated powers are those specifically assigned to the states.

Question 76

Implied powers are not articulated in the Constitution.

Question 77

Police powers are among those reserved to the states.

Question 78

An example of a concurrent power would be the authority to coin money.

Question 79

The inherent powers do appear in the Constitution.

Question 80

In 2004, the federal government adopted a "defense of marriage" law.