Deck 3: Modernity: Spectatorship, the Gaze, and Power

Question 1

Which event is associated with the rise of classical modernity?

A) Constantinople's fall
B) the invention of the printing press
C) World War I
D) the French Revolution

Answer 1

D

Question 2

To gaze is to enter into a(n) ____________ activity of looking.

A) interpretational
B) relational
C) self-aware
D) empowering

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Michel Foucault argued that the human subject is produced through ____________, defined as an institution's rules and concepts through which power and knowledge are forged.

A) discourse
B) the gaze
C) modernity
D) the Panopticon

Answer 3

A

Question 4

____________ artists used characteristic methods of a discipline to criticize the discipline itself, not to subvert it but to entrench it more firmly in its area of competence.

A) Industrial
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Modernist
D) Postcolonial

Question 5

Studying an image's ____________ allows us to consider the ways that it creates a subject position by inviting certain responses from a particular category of viewer.

A) address
B) field of vision
C) reception
D) gaze

Question 6

Who argued that the human subject relies on encounters with the other to experience itself as an autonomous being?

A) Rene Descartes
B) Jacques Lacan
C) Michele Foucault
D) Frantz Fanon

Question 7

____________ analyzes how Western discourses have constituted the human subjects of non-Western locations as lacking agency or voice.

A) Historical materialism
B) Postcolonialism
C) Orientalism
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 8

One of the architectural innovations of London's Crystal Palace was that its glass walls combined the functions of ____________ and ____________.

A) address; reception
B) industry; leisure
C) spectacle; surveillance
D) media; government

Question 9

In Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window, Jeffries (Jimmy Stewart), the main character, is apartment-bound with a broken leg and uses binoculars to look into his neighbors' apartments. Because those neighbors become the subject of Jeffries's fantasies, this is an example of ____________.

A) exhibitionism
B) synechdoche
C) epidermal thinking
D) scopophilia

Question 10

Who was Michel De Certeau critiquing when he suggested that to truly know urban life, one must encounter it from a standpoint on the street rather than from above?

A) bureaucrats
B) workers
C) police
D) consumers

Question 11

Why is Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas (1656) one of the most analyzed paintings in art history?

A) It depicts an uncensored view of daily life for the Spanish royal family.
B) Velázquez's use of perspective makes the viewer feel as though (s)he is playing a video game.
C) The positionality of the external spectator is unclear and ambiguous.
D) Princess Margarita's stare is a reversal of the male gaze.

Question 12

Linda Nochlin proposes that the only way to create gender equality in the art world is to ____________.

A) resuscitate unconsidered female artists through updated art history
B) critique and revise what counts as "great art"
C) consider the social circumstances in which art about domestic spaces is made
D) teach female artists how to better appeal to a patriarchal unconscious

Question 13

How does Charlie Chaplin's character in Modern Times (1936) resist internalizing the disciplinary gaze?

A) His body is swallowed up by the machine he operates.
B) He spills a bowl of soup on himself.
C) He takes a nap in the restroom.
D) He tries to find a moment of leisure.

Question 14

GamerGate revealed the strong attachment that a large number of participants in video and computer gaming communities have to the industry's sexist, racist, ageist, and ableist ____________.

A) gaze
B) spectatorship
C) field of vision
D) viewing experience

Question 15

Jennifer works at a factory that makes American Girl dolls. One day, while shopping at the mall, Jennifer's daughter asks her if she can have an American Girl doll. Unfortunately, Jennifer must refuse, as they cost more than she can afford. Jennifer has been ____________ the product of her labor.

A) transformed by
B) alienated from
C) identified with
D) othered by

Question 16

Cuban-American artist Ana Mendieta's Imagen de Yagul (1973) depicts the artist lying at the bottom of an open Zapotec tomb. She is naked, yet her body is covered in white flowers concentrated around her face and torso, fully concealing them. Mendieta's refusal of the viewer's gaze most closely parallels which other artwork?

A) Robert Mapplethorpe, Ken and Tyler (1985)
B) Steve McCurry, Afghan Girl (1984)
C) Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Bath (c. 1880-1885)
D) Catherine Opie, Self-Portrait/Cutting (1993)

Question 17

Lydia is a cis woman (a woman who is not transgender) whose favorite film is Michael Bay's Transformers (2007), a movie about a young man and his female high school crush who save the world from evil alien robots with the help of virtuous alien robots. While the subject positions of both the camera position and active protagonist are of a white, heterosexual male, Lydia identifies with them. Whose theory on gender and identification is Lydia most in accordance with?

A) Elizabeth Cowie
B) Laura Mulvey
C) John Berger
D) Mary Ann Doane

Question 18

John always describes his paintings as universal. He thinks they should be understood by anyone who views them, no matter where they are from or what period they live in. Convincing him that they are ____________ will be a daunting task.

A) modern
B) epistemic
C) discursive
D) scopophilic

Question 19

Despite having officially ended long ago, Simone Brown's "theater of surveillance" is an example of how many of the logics used to justify ____________ continue to be used to maintain and extend the power of the state.

A) the Renaissance
B) colonialism
C) the anthropocene
D) classical modernity

Question 20

Vaginal Creme Davis is a black, queer, intersex-born performance artist and entertainer. She performs in drag, and her work is often loud and celebratory. Through a hypervisual, public display of a body that is the opposite of the ideal national subject, Davis resists the state's ____________.

A) surveillance
B) scopophilia
C) gaze
D) biopower

Question 21

How did Russian architect Vladimir Tatlin's speculative model for a building, meant to house the Third International communist government, depict the importance of media to Modernism?

Question 22

Describe René Descartes's conceptualization of the subject or individual.

Question 23

How did Heba Amin, Caram Kapp, and Don Karl reveal the Orientalism at the center of Homeland when they were hired by the show's producers to spray paint the set with Arabic graffiti?

Question 24

What role did psychoanalysis play in the development of late twentieth-century film theory?

Question 25

What are the main features of the panopticon, and how does its design affect those within it?

Question 26

How does Jean-Léon Gérôme's The Bath (c. 1880-1885) reflect the Western gaze of the other?