Deck 3: The English Come to Stay, 1600-1660

Question 1

What product provided colonists in Virginia with a cash crop and enabled them to succeed?

Answer 1

Tobacco.

Question 2

How did John Smith restore order in Jamestown and prevent the colony's total collapse?

Answer 2

He ordered that colonists had to work before they could draw food rations.

Question 3

What kind of labor contract allowed a worker to pay for his passage to the colonies with future work?

Answer 3

Indenture.

Question 4

Who founded a second colony in the Chesapeake region and made it safe for Roman Catholics to move there?

Question 5

What do John Smith's writings allow us to conclude about his rescue by Pocahontas?

Question 6

Who preached the theology of predestination?

Question 7

Those who wanted to eliminate Roman Catholic aspects remaining in the ritual of the Church of England were known as what?

Question 8

How were most towns in New England governed?

Question 9

What product of New England was highly valued by the Royal Navy?

Question 10

Who was the "seeker" driven from Massachusetts for advocating separation of church and state?

Question 11

Which of the following statements about Pocahontas is accurate?

A) She saved John Smith's life.
B) She married John Smith.
C) She eventually traveled to England with John Rolfe
D) She was not born into power, but she married into power.

Question 12

Why did King James I grant charters to investors in Plymouth and London in 1606 to establish colonies in North America?

A) To join Spain and Portugal in bringing the Gospel to Indians.
B) To learn more about the flora and fauna of the New World.
C) To provide income for merchants since peace with Spain had curtailed raids against that nation's ships.
D) So that his family, the Stuarts, could succeed where the Tudors had failed.

Question 13

English men and women from the lowest ranks of society who agreed to work in exchange for passage money to the colonies were known as

A) Contract labor.
B) Indentured servants.
C) Undocumented workers.
D) Wage slaves.

Question 14

What was a notable characteristic of Jamestown during its first decade?

A) An appallingly high mortality rate.
B) Good rapport with Indians.
C) Industry demonstrated by settlers eager to make the colony successful.
D) Instant prosperity.

Question 15

Most colonists in Virginia who did not survive were

A) Captured and enslaved by Spanish raiders.
B) Killed by Indians.
C) Lost in the wilderness looking for gold.
D) Victims of malnutrition and disease.

Question 16

Jamestown was the

A) Best example of complete political and economic equality among men and women in the colonies.
B) First successful English colony in North America.
C) One colony where slavery would have been tolerated.
D) Only Puritan colony established in the seventeenth century.

Question 17

Powhatan, leader of the Powhatan Algonquians in Virginia, expanded his power over other groups of Indians by

A) Bribing their leaders with vast stores of wampum.
B) Convincing other tribes that his "medicine" would make them invulnerable to arrows or bullets.
C) Fighting and defeating leaders of other tribes.
D) Marrying women in different tribes.

Question 18

To increase the number of workers in Virginia, company officials

A) Awarded 50 acres of land to those who came or brought another person to Virginia.
B) Did not enforce strict immigration laws.
C) Lowered income tax rates and increased the amount of deductible expenses.
D) Provided new colonists free food for one year.

Question 19

The House of Burgesses was the first

A) Act of religious toleration in English history.
B) Elected representative government in the New World.
C) Place where businessmen could buy and sell stocks in America.
D) Puritan equivalent of the House of David.

Question 20

Most English settlers believed

A) In religious toleration for everyone, including Indians.
B) That Indians were incapable of conversion to the English way of life.
C) That North America belonged to England and they would not rest until all Indians, Spaniards, and French were eliminated.
D) That Spaniards and Frenchmen were better at understanding Indians.

Question 21

The Third Anglo-Powhatan War resulted in the

A) Abdication of Chief Opechancanough in favor of his cousin.
B) First Indian reservation in America.
C) Indians abandoning their homes in Virginia and moving across the continent to Indian Territory, or modern Oklahoma.
D) Last stand of Seventh Light Foot Brigade.

Question 22

Unlike Virginia, the colony of Maryland

A) Was the property of an individual and his heirs.
B) Was owned by a group of shareholders.
C) Belonged to the king alone.
D) Was originally not recognized by the English crown.

Question 23

By an Act of Toleration, settlement in Maryland was open to

A) Atheists and agnostics who denied the existence of a deity.
B) Jews and Muslims.
C) Persons of any faith.
D) Those who believed in Jesus Christ.

Question 24

Which of the following contributed to an environment that allowed slavery to take root in the English colonies?

A) A lack of religious faith.
B) Undue influence of Spanish and French merchants.
C) A weak colonial government.
D) The high price of land.

Question 25

To address the colony's labor problem, Virginia governor John Rolfe

A) Tasked England to send its poor across the Atlantic.
B) Introduced the first public works projects in American history.
C) Introduced the first measures of immigration control.
D) Recruited skilled farmers from all over Europe.

Question 26

Which of the following about English immigrants to Virginia in the seventeenth century is true?

A) The reason for their indenture was typically a felony offense for which they had been convicted in England.
B) As many as 90 percent of the migrants to the Chesapeake during that time period came as servants.
C) Most of them were poor women and children.
D) They enjoyed an easier start than later immigrants.

Question 27

By the second half of the sixteenth century, Northern Europeans considered Africans

A) Sexually promiscuous and brutish.
B) Noble in their resistance to the inhuman slave trade.
C) Dangerous and powerful enemies in the Mediterranean.
D) Bitter rivals in the colonization of the Americas.

Question 28

Primary factors dictating how quickly English colonists adopted African slavery included

A) Geography, because only southern colonists owned slaves, and how long the colony had been in existence.
B) Government policy and the attitude of the clergy.
C) The need for plantation laborers and availability of slaves at a good price.
D) The size of families and distance from slave markets.

Question 29

The first clear evidence of enslavement of Africans in mainland English colonies is

A) An Act of Enslavement passed by the House of Burgesses in 1661.
B) Jonathan Winthrop's sermon on the nature of society in 1621.
C) The fact that Maryland's Assembly guaranteed rights to all Christians except slaves.
D) The purchase of Africans from a Dutch trader in Virginia in 1619.

Question 30

Anthony Johnson, an African who arrived in Virginia in 1621,

A) Learned the Powhatan language and became a translator for Governor Thomas Dale.
B) Owned slaves.
C) Translated the King James Version of the Holy Bible into Indian and African dialects.
D) Was the first slave who purchased his freedom with earnings from growing tobacco.

Question 31

Despite the economic boom for Virginia and Maryland produced by tobacco exports,

A) Birth rates soared because families could support more children.
B) Death rates remained high for infants and adults.
C) Most colonists rejected slavery on moral grounds.
D) Morality was strictly enforced.

Question 32

Economically, it made more sense to contract for indentured servants than to purchase slaves because

A) Indentured servants spoke English, whereas slaves did not.
B) Indentured servants were more easily caught if they escaped.
C) Insurance rates on indentured servants were lower.
D) Life expectancy rates for both were low.

Question 33

The first generation of women immigrants to the Chesapeake region

A) Expected husbands to help them with housework.
B) Married relatively late, usually not until their mid-twenties.
C) Rarely married because generous land grants enabled them to earn a living on their own.
D) Were expected to marry as soon as they were able to bear children.

Question 34

Infant mortality in the Chesapeake region during the first century of English colonization was

A) Approximately one half of all children born.
B) Notably higher among Protestants than among Catholics.
C) One reason why women married so late in life.
D) Remarkably rare, given the high death rate among adults.

Question 35

What did the first English arrivals seek to secure on their arrival in Plymouth?

A) An independent nation.
B) A community of religious purity.
C) Commercial ties with the natives.
D) African slavery and tobacco plantations.

Question 36

The New England colonies benefited from

A) The absence of religious dissent.
B) Better relations with Indians than Chesapeake colonists.
C) More aid from the English government.
D) Prohibiting the introduction of slavery.

Question 37

Why were religious dissenters so frequently persecuted in late-sixteenth-century and early-seventeenth-century European nations like England?

A) Religion was a state matter.
B) Religion was a private matter.
C) Religion at the time was exceedingly mystical.
D) Religion at the time threatened monarchical rule.

Question 38

The Swiss Protestant Reformer John Calvin

A) Advocated a benevolent theology that offered salvation to everyone.
B) Believed God ordained who would be saved even before they were born.
C) Encouraged Henry VIII to abandon the Church of England.
D) Nailed a copy of his disagreements with the pope on the door of the cathedral in Geneva.

Question 39

Puritans wanted to

A) Eliminate aspects of Roman Catholicism from the Church of England.
B) Increase the sale of wholesome foods and fabrics.
C) Preserve chastity until marriage.
D) Prevent the sale of selected items on Sunday.

Question 40

Those known as Separatists

A) Agreed that the king should be granted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry.
B) Believed in the Arminian creed.
C) Gave up on reforming the Church of England.
D) Wanted England to get rid of Ireland and Scotland because the Celts were difficult to govern.

Question 41

The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower were

A) More interested in becoming wealthy in their new home than in religious freedom.
B) Planning on returning to England with great wealth earned in the colonies.
C) Supposed to go to the Chesapeake area to help develop Virginia.
D) Trying to establish a haven for Catholics in the colonies.

Question 42

The survival of the Plymouth colony was made possible by

A) Assistance from friendly Indians.
B) Careful planning by company officials.
C) The leadership of Miles Standish and Jonathan Winthrop.
D) Mild winters and summers and the absence of malaria.

Question 43

Squanto, a Patuxet Indian,

A) Accepted Christianity and became a preacher to the Indian nations.
B) Led Indian confederacies in the First Hyannisport War.
C) Served as translators for the Pilgrims and the Iroquois.
D) Taught Pilgrims how to grow corn.

Question 44

The success of the Plymouth colony demonstrated that

A) English soldiers were more effective in New England than in Virginia.
B) New England could be inhabited by Europeans and that effective diplomatic relations with Indians were crucial.
C) Puritanism worked better than Anglicanism in North America.
D) The "city on a hill" concept helped attract colonists.

Question 45

The Massachusetts Bay Company, founded in 1629, was

A) A way to force Puritans to accept the Church of England as it was.
B) An effort by Charles I to establish a haven for Roman Catholics.
C) Based on the model of the Virginia Company.
D) Intended as a barrier to France's efforts to expand westward.

Question 46

Although settled two decades later, New England was able to keep pace with the Chesapeake colonies because

A) Its colder winters killed more germs.
B) Of its lack of religious dissent.
C) Its people lived in a healthier region.
D) Of its superior attitude.

Question 47

One way New Englanders differed from Chesapeake colonists is that they

A) Built more permanent shelters.
B) Had a greater faith that God would help them.
C) Migrated as families rather than as individuals.
D) Mostly came from northern England rather than southern England.

Question 48

New England towns were usually governed by

A) Adult male property owners at a town meeting.
B) Officials appointed by the English government.
C) Representatives elected by the people.
D) Stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company.

Question 49

When Indians sold land to New England settlers, they

A) Looked forward to helping to develop the area.
B) Moved on to acquire additional land themselves.
C) Usually thought they were only giving permission to share the land.
D) Were happy to receive compensation for a commodity on which they placed little value.

Question 50

One of the primary benefits to England of the New England colonies was

A) Access to timber for ship construction.
B) Agricultural production, especially cotton and indigo.
C) Having a place to send Puritans.
D) Its aversion to slavery.

Question 51

Puritan families valued

A) Diversity.
B) Those who could testify to a "filling experience."
C) Fewer children so each child would have more support.
D) Harmony and order in the home.

Question 52

In New England, virtually all vocational instruction took place

A) At community colleges.
B) In the home.
C) When one began a new job.
D) While attending church.

Question 53

New Englanders mostly profited from

A) Quarrying and mining.
B) Raising sugarcane and making molasses.
C) Selling timber, wood products, and fish.
D) Trapping animals for fur.

Question 54

How did Puritans understand religious dissent?

A) As a replay of original sin.
B) As a cornerstone of personal liberty.
C) As a challenge to state authority.
D) As an expression of national identity.

Question 55

Roger Williams, one of the founders of Rhode Island, believed

A) In a heresy known as "the spark of the Divine."
B) That the king had no right to grant land owned by Indians.
C) In witches, but also allowed himself to be vaccinated against smallpox.
D) That Christ would return from Heaven and appear in New England.

Question 56

Roger Williams advocated

A) Equality of those who had been filled with the Holy Spirit and those who continued to wait for it.
B) Freedom for the unsaved to behave as they wished.
C) Sending colonists who refused to work back to England.
D) Separation of church and state.

Question 57

Anne Hutchinson was forced out of Massachusetts for

A) Abandoning her husband and 12 children.
B) Advocacy of permitting nontestifiers to vote.
C) Criticism of its clergy and the Puritan doctrine of "preparation."
D) Licentious and unrepentant living.

Question 58

The Pequot War was the result of all of the following except

A) Conflicts between Europeans about who would govern the Connecticut River valley.
B) Conflicts among Native Americans about who would trade with the Europeans.
C) The unregulated and aggressive expansion onto Pequot land by Puritan settlers.
D) The Narragansetts who first promised aid to the Pequots but were paid by the Puritans to remain neutral in the war.

Question 59

The result of the Puritans' attack on the Pequot village of Mystic on May 26, 1637, was

A) Conversion of the Pequots to Christianity.
B) An alliance between the Pequots and Narragansetts.
C) Pequot men, women, and children were murdered by Puritans.
D) Each statement is accurate.

Question 60

What happened to the surviving members of the Pequot tribe at the end of the Pequot War in 1638?

A) They died from disease in their ransacked villages.
B) They were adopted into the Narragansett tribe.
C) They found themselves forced into a reservation that still exists today.
D) They were sold into slavery in the colony of Providence Island.

Question 61

Explain the introduction of slavery in the Chesapeake colonies.

Question 62

How did tobacco affect the development of English colonies in the Chesapeake region?

Question 63

Discuss the role of religion in the founding of English colonies in New England.

Question 64

Contrast the economic activities, Indian relations, and role of the family in the Chesapeake and New England colonies.