Deck 18: Industry and Empire, 1890-1900

Question 1

The method of terrorizing and executing African Americans was called what?

Answer 1

Lynching.

Question 2

The first "modern" election was what?

Answer 2

The election of 1896.

Question 3

A famous speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan on the money standard was called what?

Answer 3

The Cross of Gold speech.

Question 4

An early successful advertising campaign targeting women around the world was that of what company?

Question 5

How did the U.S. Treasury survive the financial panic of 1893?

Question 6

Booker T. Washington's __________ stressed the mutual obligations of African Americans and whites.

Question 7

__________ was a business practice designed to make the workplace and worker more efficient that reduced each occupation to a series of simple, precise movements that could be easily taught and endlessly repeated.

Question 8

Plessy v. Ferguson defined the concept of __________.

Question 9

What did Alfred Thayer Mahan argue in The Influence of Sea Power upon History?

Question 10

The strike against Andrew Carnegie's steel plant was called the __________.

Question 11

J.P. Morgan was

A) The vice president of the United States in President Cleveland's administration.
B) Known as the preeminent financial manipulator of the late nineteenth century.
C) Had a naive understanding of the global economy in the late nineteenth century.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

The Panic of 1893 was

A) Brought on by labor unrest in China.
B) A period of high unemployment and high worker productivity.
C) A period of economic decline in the United States that included the failure of many American businesses and banks.
D) Brought on by American farmers overproducing grain.

Question 13

Among other things, the "Crisis of the 1890s" referred to

A) The powerlessness of the American government against the power of wealth.
B) A period of economic overproduction.
C) A period of high employment rates across the United States.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

Coxey's Army was a

A) Group of unemployed Chicago workers who argued that gold alone should be a basis for the nation's currency; Coxey was the leader of the men.
B) Group of unemployed workers who marched to Washington to demand the establishment of a national public works program that would hire millions of American men doing all sorts of jobs.
C) Group of unemployed African American men who marched on Washington to protest discrimination.
D) Relatively small group of unemployed men who marched to Washington demanding the nation's money be based on silver.

Question 15

The last great land rush in the continental United States occurred in 1893 in

A) Arizona.
B) New Mexico.
C) Utah.
D) Oklahoma.

Question 16

The Singer Sewing Machine Company marketed its sewing machines to

A) Tailors and other employed in the New York garment district.
B) Russian tailors and seamstresses.
C) American homemakers.
D) The army, which would use the machines to manufacture uniforms and tents.

Question 17

Which of the following applies to the Singer Sewing Machine Company?

A) It was an early example of a company that marketed its product to consumers around the world.
B) It was a highly successful and adaptive company.
C) It was one of the early indications that a globalized economy was not only possible but also profitable.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Frederick W. Taylor was an efficiency expert who was

A) Popular with factory managers.
B) Popular with American workers.
C) Also a motivational speaker who encouraged managers to work together to solve problems.
D) Also a motivational speaker who encouraged managers to work together with workers to solve their communications problems.

Question 19

Which statement does not refer to scientific "Taylorism"?

A) A new layer of college-educated "middle managers" began in the 1890s to supervise production in offices and factories.
B) Stopwatch studies concluded how much output a man could produce in one day and how much he should be paid.
C) Work was reduced to a series of simple, precise movements that could be easily taught, learned, and endlessly repeated.
D) The new field of efficiency engineering served to increase the job satisfaction of the typical worker in offices and factories.

Question 20

Pullman, Illinois, was

A) A company-owned town where employees lived and worked.
B) A model community that was the pattern for the first suburb in the United States.
C) Had no private property except what was owned by the company.
D) Was an early experiment in social and community engineering.

Question 21

In retrospect, Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier thesis" contained the following contradiction:

A) Grain would grow wherever there was adequate rainfall.
B) The growth of cities made the frontier nearly irrelevant to most Americans.
C) More homesteaders claimed lands after the 1890 census than before.
D) The influence of the frontier seemed to have absolutely no effect on democracy.

Question 22

The Pullman Strike of 1894

A) Was one of the bloodiest labor conflicts in U.S. history.
B) Resulted in 60 workers being killed by federal troops.
C) Was the result of desperate workers joining Eugene Debs's railway union.
D) All of the above.

Question 23

Eugene V. Debs was

A) The president of the American Railway Union.
B) The manager of the Pullman plant.
C) The manager of the Homestead plant.
D) An early advocate of the globalization of American industry.

Question 24

Employers such as George Pullman sought which of the following?

A) Absolute control of the workplace.
B) To enslave the workingman.
C) The maximize the power of workers.
D) To seek a balance between the cost of production and profits.

Question 25

The popular press in the 1890s characterized strikers as

A) Contrary to progress.
B) A threat to democracy.
C) Anarchists.
D) Unpatriotic.

Question 26

Workers did not necessarily object to efficiency or modernization or even profits. They wanted

A) A share of the benefits.
B) An equal division of the profits.
C) A safe work environment.
D) An eight-hour workday and guaranteed sick leave.

Question 27

According to J. P. Morgan's views, __________ were more important than industrialists.

A) Managers.
B) Politicians.
C) Bankers.
D) Workers.

Question 28

President Grover Cleveland remained unpopular for all of the following reasons, except

A) Farmers in the South and West opposed Cleveland's hard-money policies.
B) He was seen by the press as aloof and uncaring.
C) He was believed to have too close a relationship with men like Morgan who valued money more than people.
D) Northern workers did not approve of his use of federal troops to put down strikes.

Question 29

According to the thinking of the time, increasing the money supply would

A) Make credit more available but at a higher rate of interest.
B) Make gold a more valuable investment.
C) Reduce interest rates and make credit more available.
D) Make silver more valuable to western miners.

Question 30

The Democrats met in Chicago in 1896 to select their candidate. They chose

A) The incumbent Grover Cleveland.
B) William McKinley.
C) William Jennings Bryan.
D) None of the above.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about the 1896 presidential race is correct?

A) William McKinley's "front porch campaign" carried the northern industrial states.
B) Marcus Hanna ran as the Republican candidate.
C) The nation saw a lackluster campaign with little voter interest.
D) William Jennings Bryan ran as a Democrat and carried Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.

Question 32

The election of 1896

A) Focused on many topics other than economic policy.
B) Changed the style of political campaigns and shifted the positions of both major parties.
C) Centered on labor issues.
D) All of the above.

Question 33

The Democrats linked currency policy with

A) The panics of 1890 and 1893.
B) The tariff rates.
C) A minimum wage law.
D) The lives of workers and farmers.

Question 34

American farmers generally supported

A) The Populist candidate.
B) William McKinley.
C) William Jennings Bryan.
D) Grover Cleveland.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is not accurate for the years following the election of 1896?

A) Industrial workers changed their tactics.
B) Railroads accelerated the spread of segregation.
C) Labor unrest increased.
D) Voter participation in electoral politics declined.

Question 36

Southern cities, with few exceptions, were

A) Industrial centers.
B) Manufacturing centers.
C) Service centers.
D) None of the above.

Question 37

All of the following refer to Plessy v. Ferguson except

A) A mulatto male sought to sit in the white compartment of the East Louisiana Railway.
B) The Supreme Court upheld the principle of "separate but equal" in public accommodations.
C) The plaintiff's lawyer argued that government should not divide people arbitrarily.
D) The lower court found that segregation was in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution even if railroad facilities were substantially equal for both races.

Question 38

The Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

A) Ruled that racial segregation was unconstitutional.
B) Defined the "separate but equal" principle.
C) Acknowledged the realities of southern life.
D) Ruled that racial segregation was permissible under the Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 39

The term "Jim Crow" refers to

A) A minstrel show character.
B) Any form of racial segregation.
C) A group of laws enforcing segregation.
D) All of the above.

Question 40

Which of the following statements refers to lynchings?

A) They were confined to the rural South.
B) They occurred in predominantly white regions of the South.
C) They were legal in the South.
D) They were a means of enforcing segregation through the use of terror.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about the Atlanta Compromise is accurate?

A) Blacks should seek immediate political and social equality through the legislatures, the Congress, and the courts.
B) African Americans should work to improve their separate railroad accommodations.
C) African Americans should forget the right to vote.
D) Employers should hire black workers rather than relying on immigrant labor.

Question 42

The term "disfranchisement" refers to the process by which African Americans were denied the right to

A) Hold public office.
B) Public education.
C) Vote.
D) Own their own businesses.

Question 43

All of the following except __________ were used to disfranchise black voters.

A) The poll tax.
B) Admissions tickets.
C) Grandfather clause.
D) Literacy tests.

Question 44

Following the election of 1896,

A) Voter participation declined.
B) Political campaigns became raucous and emotional.
C) Voters were alienated by the negative campaign advertisements.
D) All of the above.

Question 45

Samuel Gompers and the American Federation of Labor called for

A) Shortening work hours.
B) A federal law prohibiting discrimination in the workplace.
C) The open shop, which allowed a worker to decide whether to join the union.
D) A guaranteed minimum wage.

Question 46

Eugene Debs advocated

A) That United Mine Workers concentrate on organizing workers in the anthracite coal fields.
B) The organization of women factory workers.
C) Combining the ARU with the AFL.
D) Unionization of all of the employees in an industry.

Question 47

"Jingoes" were those who

A) Believed that advertisements in foreign countries would stimulate the sales of American products.
B) Advocated the need for the United States to expand globally for strategic, religious, and economic reasons.
C) Advocated that the United States expand the American consumer base and not worry about foreign trade.
D) Supported President McKinley's radical expansionist beliefs.

Question 48

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A) Piloted the USS Maine into Manila Bay and defeated the Spanish.
B) Taught military strategy at the War College.
C) Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History: 1660-1783.
D) Served as assistant secretary of the Navy.

Question 49

Alfred Thayer Mahan advocated all of the following except

A) Naval expansion.
B) World trade.
C) High tariffs.
D) A merchant fleet.

Question 50

Some argued that if the United States failed to expand its economy overseas

A) The nation would be taken over by more powerful nations.
B) The United States would no longer have a frontier of its own for expansion.
C) The United States would decline just like the Roman Empire.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

Theodore Roosevelt symbolized the expansionist beliefs in which of the following ways?

A) He was a frontiersman.
B) He was a rancher in the West.
C) He believed the future of the United States was dependent on controlling global trade.
D) He believed Spain was misusing its assets in the Caribbean.

Question 52

The industrialized nations focused their struggle for industrial and military supremacy on

A) Japan.
B) Africa.
C) China.
D) Korea.

Question 53

In calling for war with Spain in 1898, President McKinley announced that America's war aims included

A) Recognition of Cuban independence.
B) Protection of endangered American property in Cuba.
C) Restoration of peace in Cuba.
D) All of the above.

Question 54

Battles in the Spanish-American War were fought in

A) Cuba and the Philippines.
B) Mexico and Cuba.
C) Cuba, the Philippines, and Honduras.
D) Samoa, the Philippines, and Cuba.

Question 55

When the Spanish-American War ended, President McKinley wanted

A) Guam.
B) Puerto Rico.
C) Hawaii.
D) All of the above.

Question 56

The Philippines posed a challenge to the United States because

A) Filipino guerrillas fought the American occupation forces for independence.
B) Smallpox broke out in the islands.
C) The Spanish would not recognize Filipino independence.
D) Great Britain intervened on the side of the Filipino nationalists.

Question 57

As a result of the Spanish-American War,

A) Theodore Roosevelt emerged as an anti-imperialist.
B) The United States acquired the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
C) Congress voted to declare Philippine independence.
D) An independent Cuba was allowed to chart its own political and economic course.

Question 58

The Open Door policy was designed to

A) Keep the markets of China open to the United States.
B) Prevent the United States from being excluded from the China markets.
C) Protect American access to the China trade without resorting to war.
D) All of the above.

Question 59

Which of the following statements refers to the Boxer Rebellion?

A) McKinley sent troops to China to protect Americans and American possessions.
B) British and American troops exchanged gunfire.
C) The British promised to respect China's sovereignty if the United States would make the same promise.
D) All of the above.

Question 60

Did race relations improve or deteriorate during the 1890s?

Question 61

Describe the reasons behind America's participation in the Spanish-American War.

Question 62

Why was the issue of the currency so important to Americans in the election of 1896?

Question 63

In what ways did American industries become more modern during the 1890s?