Deck 12: Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Drugs

Question 1

The combined percentage of the U.S. population that is overweight and obese, based on BMI, approaches which percentage?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%
E) 90%

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The pancreas responds to low glucose levels by releasing ______________ into the bloodstream.

A) Glucagon
B) Incretins
C) Adipokines
D) Insulin
E) Adrenalin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The primary defect in type-1 diabetes is that this happens to the pancreas, in response to elevated blood glucose.

A) It does not release sufficient glucagon.
B) It does not make or release sufficient insulin.
C) It over-responds and produces too much insulin.
D) It over-produces incretins.
E) It can no longer communicate with the liver.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Type 2 diabetics may have insulin in their bodies, but target cells do not respond correctly-a condition referred to as

A) Hypoglycemia
B) Pancreatitis
C) Insulin resistance
D) Diabetic acidosis
E) The post-prandial state

Question 5

Visceral fat accumulation correlates with which of the following?

A) Metabolic syndrome
B) Lipid disorders such as dyslipidemia
C) Impaired glucose metabolism
D) Hypertension
E) All of the above

Question 6

Blood levels of ___________ decrease as visceral fat accumulation increases, providing a mechanism for how visceral fat accumulation contributes to diabetes.

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Adrenalin
D) Adiponectin
E) Incretin

Question 7

Amylin has several important functions that help decrease glucose appearance in the circulation.

Question 8

Ectopic fat fills the abdominal cavity surrounding the major organs.

Question 9

Amphetamine can increase norepinephrine activity in the brain and decrease appetite and cause weight loss.

Question 10

Hypoglycemia commonly happens in healthy and diabetic individuals following exercise.

Question 11

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious medical emergency that results when free fatty acids become the dominant energy source due to low levels of insulin and sources of glucose.

Question 12

A 10-second sprint at the end of the workout can lessen the chance of hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetics.

Question 13

Equivalent energy expenditures by walking or running produced similar risk reductions for diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol.

Question 14

Exercise programs can lower the Hb1Ac but rarely affect insulin sensitivity.

Question 15

Insulin is on the WADA list of banned substances.

Question 16

The process that terminates food consumption is called ________.

Question 17

Altered profiles of blood lipids, particularly high levels of total cholesterol or triglycerides, are grouped together as ________________.

Question 18

Hormones produced by adipose tissue are called ______________.

Question 19

Matching Question:
-Block(s) re-uptake of glucose in the kidneys during urine formation

A) Insulin Secretagogues (Sulfonylureas)
B) Biguanides (Metformin)
C) Thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone)
D) Gliptins (Sitagliptin)
E) SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin)

Question 20

Matching Question:
-Act(s) as ligands for PPAR, modulate lipid synthesis and decrease insulin resistance

A) Insulin Secretagogues (Sulfonylureas)
B) Biguanides (Metformin)
C) Thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone)
D) Gliptins (Sitagliptin)
E) SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin)

Question 21

Matching Question:
-Increase(s) insulin release from pancreatic beta cells

A) Insulin Secretagogues (Sulfonylureas)
B) Biguanides (Metformin)
C) Thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone)
D) Gliptins (Sitagliptin)
E) SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin)

Question 22

Matching Question:
-Affect(s) metabolism and decrease glucose production in the liver

A) Insulin Secretagogues (Sulfonylureas)
B) Biguanides (Metformin)
C) Thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone)
D) Gliptins (Sitagliptin)
E) SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin)

Question 23

Matching Question:
-DPP-4 inhibitors resulting in an increase in GLP-1 activity

A) Insulin Secretagogues (Sulfonylureas)
B) Biguanides (Metformin)
C) Thiazolidinediones (Rosiglitazone)
D) Gliptins (Sitagliptin)
E) SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin)