Question 1

Which of the following types of pain senses a very hot object, causing you to stop and withdraw?&#10;A) Inflammatory pain&#10;B) Neuropathic pain&#10;C) Dysfunctional pain&#10;D) Nociceptive pain&#10;E) Pathological pain

Accepted Answer

Nociceptive pain is the type of pain that responds to noxious stimuli such as heat, cold, and pressure. Therefore, feeling a very hot object and reflexively withdrawing from it is an example of nociceptive pain. Inflammatory pain relates to inflammation and tissue damage, neuropathic pain is caused by nerve damage, dysfunctional pain is a general term for chronic pain with no known cause, and pathological pain is pain caused by a disease or structural abnormality.

Question 2

Which of the following types of pain results from sensitization of nerve endings caused by prostaglandins?&#10;A) Nociceptive pain&#10;B) Neuropathic pain&#10;C) Pathological pain&#10;D) Dysfunctional pain&#10;E) Inflammatory pain

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory pain is caused by the release of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, that sensitize nerve endings and result in pain.

Question 3

Which of the following types of pain results from nerve damage and can become chronic?&#10;A) Neuropathic pain&#10;B) Sympathomimetic pain&#10;C) Dysfunctional pain&#10;D) Nociceptive pain&#10;E) Inflammatory pain

Accepted Answer

Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system, leading to abnormal signaling and sensations. It can become chronic and is often difficult to manage with traditional pain medications.

Question 4

How do opioids alleviate pain? A) By slowing the breathing rate. B) By suppressing transmission of the signal across the synaptic cleft in specific nerves. C) By increasing Ca²⁺ channel activity and the excitability of presynaptic neurons. D) By increasing muscle contractions. E) By causing certain neurons in the brain to die.

Accepted Answer

Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body. These receptors are involved in transmitting pain signals. When opioids bind to these receptors, they can suppress the transmission of pain signals across the synaptic cleft in specific nerves, leading to a reduction in pain perception.

Question 5

Tylenol works by doing which of the following? A) Directly inhibiting COX-1 B) Inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme C) Suppressing Ca²⁺ influx and nerve transmission D) Causing nerve cells in the periphery to lose sensation E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Tylenol (acetaminophen) primarily works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the brain and has a less clear mechanism of action peripherally, but it does not directly inhibit COX-1, inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, suppress calcium influx and nerve transmission in the manner described, or cause peripheral nerve cells to lose sensation in the way that local anesthetics might.

Question 6

Many of the eicosanoids generated by the action of cyclooxygenase are derived from which of the following?&#10;A) Arachidonic acid&#10;B) Endorphins&#10;C) Cytokines&#10;D) Serotonin&#10;E) Histamine

Accepted Answer

The eicosanoids generated by the action of cyclooxygenase are derived from arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in cell membranes.

Question 7

Humans have endogenous molecules that have activity similar to heroin and morphine.

Accepted Answer

The endogenous molecules referred to are called endorphins, and they bind to the same receptors in the brain as heroin and morphine, producing similar effects of pain relief and pleasure.

Question 8

Overdosing from Tylenol is highly unlikely.

Accepted Answer

Overdosing from Tylenol is possible and can lead to liver damage and even death. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and seek medical attention if you accidentally take too much.

Question 9

Acute inflammation can only occur in a limited number of locations in the body.

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammation can occur in any location in the body where there is tissue injury or infection.

Question 10

NSAIDs taken before an endurance competition can act as an ergogenic aid because they suppress pain and inflammation.

Accepted Answer

NSAIDs may reduce pain and inflammation, but they do not necessarily act as an ergogenic aid to improve performance in endurance competitions. Their use can also increase the risk of gastrointestinal and renal problems, which can negatively impact an athlete's performance and health.

Question 11

When taken after a strenuous workout, NSAIDs can interfere with the normal process associated with muscle cell adaptation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When taken after a strenuous workout, NSAIDs...

Question 12

Long-term use of prednisone is not an issue because it is mimicking the natural hormone hydrocortisone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long-term use of prednisone is not an...

Question 13

Runner's high is totally dependent on endogenous opioids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Runner's high is totally dependent on endogenous...

Question 14

Part of Tylenol's analgesic effect may be due to metabolites that have similar to medical marijuana.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Part of Tylenol's analgesic effect may be...

Question 15

Fill in the Blank: Endorphins are molecules that have activity similar to _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the Blank: Endorphins are molecules...

Deck 11: Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs