Deck 32: Plant Growth and Reproduction

Question 1

At the tip of a filament within a flower you would find

A) a petal.
B) an anther.
C) a carpel.
D) an ovary.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Pollen is produced in the

A) ovules.
B) anthers.
C) style.
D) stigma.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Plants exhibit indeterminate growth. This means that

A) they are perennials.
B) they may complete their life cycles in one, two, or three years.
C) the length of time it takes to grow to reach maturity is variable.
D) the final form of the plant is not entirely predictable.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Groups of perpetually young undifferentiated cells from which new cells arise are termed

A) seeds.
B) meristems.
C) root caps.
D) phloem.

Question 5

In which of the following structures would an egg be found?

A) stamen
B) petal
C) sepal
D) carpel

Question 6

Plant and animal growth is indeterminate and determinant, respectively; why is indeterminate growth more beneficial to plants than to animals?

A) Plants are stationary in their habitat while animals can move; indeterminate growth allows a plant to respond to environmental conditions.
B) Plants are commonly eaten by animals while animals are rarely eaten by plants.
C) Indeterminate growth allows plants to become larger than animals.
D) Indeterminate growth allows plants to avoid reproducing when environmental conditions are unfavorable.

Question 7

In plants double fertilization means that

A) the zygote has twice the diploid number of chromosomes.
B) two pollen grains are needed to fertilize an egg.
C) one sperm fertilizes two eggs.
D) one sperm fertilizes an egg, the other fertilizes another cell in the embryo sac.

Question 8

When a plant germinates from a seed it has

A) two root apical meristems and two shoot apical meristems.
B) one root apical meristem and one shoot apical meristem.
C) two root apical meristems and four shoot apical meristems.
D) four root apical meristems and two shoot apical meristems.

Question 9

Growth of the cells of the lateral meristem is responsible for increasing the

A) number of lateral roots.
B) number of formant buds.
C) thickness of the stem.
D) length of the stem.

Question 10

The outer bark on trees often appears cracked and uneven because

A) different regions of the bark grow at different rates.
B) the cork cambium reabsorbs some of the bark.
C) increases in stem length stretch the bark.
D) increases in stem thickness stretch the bark.

Question 11

The aspen grove shown in the photo below may be formed from clones.
If this grove is indeed comprised of clones, it would not be surprising to observe that

A) individual trees are of equal height.
B) individual trees have equal girth.
C) individual trees flower at the same time.
D) all of the above

Question 12

Embryo sacs are formed in the

A) stamen.
B) carpel.
C) anther.
D) sepal.

Question 13

Which of the following components is correctly matched with its location?

A) A carpel is part of a style.
B) A sepal is part of a stamen.
C) A stigma is part of a carpel.
D) An anther is part of a stigma.

Question 14

In which of the following structures is sperm produced?

A) stamen
B) carpel
C) sepal
D) petal

Question 15

The growth of cells within the cark cambium results in the production of

A) heartwood.
B) bark
C) secondary phloem.
D) sapwood.

Question 16

Imagine driving a nail into a tree trunk. Which of the following tissues would the nail point first contact?

A) heartwood
B) cork cambium
C) vascular cambium
D) sapwood

Question 17

Plants growth above ground can be accomplished by adding new

A) leaf units.
B) bud units.
C) stem units.
D) bud-stem-leaf units

Question 18

During pollination pollen is moved from

A) stigmas to sepals.
B) anthers to stigmas.
C) ovules to anthers.
D) carpels to stamens.

Question 19

Which of the following would not be derived from vascular cambium?

A) bark
B) xylem
C) more undifferentiated cells
D) phloem

Question 20

Which of the following would be haploid?

A) pollen
B) guard cells
C) root hairs
D) all of the above

Question 21

The tube cell in a pollen grain grows through the style and provides a pathway for the _____ to enter the _____.

A) egg; sperm
B) sperm; anther
C) sperm; embryo sac
D) anther; filament

Question 22

Sexual reproduction in mosses and angiosperms result in a zygote and seed, respectively. In what way(s) is the seed superior to the zygote?

A) The zygote must grow immediately, but the seed can lie dormant until growth conditions are favorable.
B) The seed carries its own food to start life while the zygote is nourished by the female gametophyte.
C) The seed has a coat, which protects it from the environment, while the zygote lacks a coat.
D) all of the above

Question 23

Pollen grains develop from

A) haploid male spores.
B) the ovum.
C) haploid sperm.
D) embryo sacs.

Question 24

At what point in the plant life cycle does cell division result in haploid cells?

A) when the gametophyte produces gametes
B) when the sporophyte produces spores
C) when the egg and sperm fuse to form a zygote
D) when the germinating spore grows to become the gametophyte

Question 25

Apical dominance occurs when auxins produced by

A) lateral buds promote the growth in length of the main stem.
B) the shoot tip inhibits the growth of lateral buds.
C) the shoot tip inhibits the growth of roots.
D) the root tip promotes the growth of the apical meristem.

Question 26

Flowers, like the ones in the figure below, display spectacular colors, shapes, and odors, in combination with food rewards such as nectar, in order to convince pollinating animals to visit several flowers of the same species to transfer pollen for reproduction.
How might a flower be specialized to attract hummingbird pollinators (above right) and discourage insect pollinators (above left)?

A) have brightly colored petals
B) open only at night
C) hang downward from the branch tips
D) organize its flowers into a flat landing surface

Question 27

Gene-for-gene recognition develops when a plant's resistance gene

A) produces a protein that binds to protein produced by a pathogen.
B) can bind directly to a complementary gene within the pathogen.
C) mutates in such a way as to alter its distinctive chemistry.
D) is activated by the attachment of a pathogen to the plant's cuticle.

Question 28

In what way does endosperm differs from sperm?

A) Endosperm is triploid rather than haploid.
B) Endosperm is the immature sperm prior to its release from the anther.
C) Endosperm develops only in self-pollinating plants.
D) Endosperm is produced by the sporophyte, and sperm by the gametophyte.

Question 29

The figure below illustrates the results of a laboratory experiment that simulates potted irises being exposed to differing lengths of darkness.
How would flowering in these irises be affected by disrupting the length of their light exposure?

A) It would stimulate flowering.
B) It would suppress flowering.
C) It would stimulate branching and increase total flower production.
D) There would be no effect since irises use the length of darkness to coordinate flowering.

Question 30

Horticulturists often remove the anthers from flowers to

A) promote branching.
B) prevent self-fertilization.
C) increase egg production.
D) attract pollinators.

Question 31

Anthers are typically attached to filaments and elevated within the flower to

A) improve the transfer of pollen to a pollinator.
B) improve the transfer of pollen to the adjacent stigma.
C) prevent pollen from becoming stuck in the nectar.
D) prevent the pollen from being blown away from the flower.

Question 32

Some types of the thynnine wasps pollinate the elbow orchid when

A) males carry wingless females to elbow orchid flowers, where the female pollinates the flower.
B) females carry wingless males to elbow orchid flowers, where the males pollinate the flower.
C) elbow orchid flowers imitate the smell of females and trick males into transporting pollen.
D) elbow orchid flowers imitate the smell of males and trick females into transporting pollen.

Question 33

Which of the following animals would be least likely to disperse seeds?

A) deer
B) mice
C) honeybees
D) humans

Question 34

Without a pollen tube,

A) sperm couldn't move from filaments to anthers.
B) the zygote couldn't leave the embryo sac.
C) sperm would be unable to enter the ovule.
D) anthers couldn't produce pollen.

Question 35

What is the purpose for the endosperm found within a seed?

A) Endosperm is the tissue specialized to form roots.
B) It creates a waterproof covering that permits the seed to become dormant.
C) It is a water-storage tissue.
D) It is used as a food source for the developing embryo.

Question 36

The gene-for-gene recognition immune response involves

A) plant alleles that attack matching alleles in pathogens.
B) crossing-over between plant alleles and pathogen alleles.
C) production of antibodies by plants in response to antigens produced by pathogens.
D) production of proteins by plants that protect against pathogens with a particular genetic makeup.

Question 37

The flesh of an apple forms from

A) the stamen.
B) the ovule.
C) the carpel.
D) the ovary.

Question 38

The typical conifer growth pattern of narrow tops and broad bases is strongly associated with the action of

A) abscisic acid.
B) gibberrellic acid.
C) auxin.
D) ethylene.

Question 39

Because its cells are diploid, the ovule is considered to be a part of the

A) gametophyte.
B) carpal.
C) embryo sac.
D) sporophyte.

Question 40

Which of the following would be the least likely pollinator?

A) butterfly
B) bat
C) rattlesnake
D) human

Question 41

In flowering plants, sperm is found within the pollen grains.

Question 42

An apical meristem produces lateral roots.

Question 43

Meristem cells in plants are similar to ____ cells in vertebrates.

Question 44

Mature pollen grains contain three cells; two sperm cells and a(n) ____ ____.

Question 45

A plant's physiological response to day length is called _____________.

Question 46

A plant that completes its life cycle in one year is a(n) _____.

Question 47

Increases in length due to cell divisions at apical meristems are called _______ growth.

Question 48

The protective chemical produced by plants that can be addictive to humans is ________.

Question 49

Above ground, plants grow by adding new bud-stem- ____ units.

Question 50

Sapwood is xylem that is too clogged to transport water.

Question 51

Seed coats develop from the outer portion of the _____.

Question 52

Double fertilization results in the formation of a ______ and __________ .

Question 53

The energy used by seedlings before they begin to photosynthesis is stored in the __________ and the _______ .

Question 54

The growth of a plant zygote into an embryo occurs within the ____.

Question 55

Plants that live for three years or more are __________.

Question 56

How might the observation that the percentage of plant species with red foliage is greatest among high elevation plants be explained?

A) Atmospheric composition at high elevation reduces the strength of the wavelengths that normally support photosynthesis.
B) High-elevation soils have above-average concentrations of iron, which accumulated to produce iron oxide within the foliage.
C) The red wavelengths exacerbate dehydration at high elevation, so mountain plants reflect it from their surfaces.
D) Red pigments absorb ultraviolet radiation,which is more intense at high elevation.

Question 57

In order to fertilize an egg a pollen grain must first arrive at a(n) ______.

Question 58

Apical dominance develops when the shoot apex produces ______, a hormone that suppress the outgrowth of lateral buds.

Question 59

A plant that completes its life cycle in two years is a(n) ________.

Question 60

The plant body is modular, formed by the repeated addition of the same basic units.

Question 61

Endosperm is the origin of the sperm that fertilize the embryo.

Question 62

In flowering plants, seeds are haploid.

Question 63

Plants that use animals for pollination always provide a reward.

Question 64

Some plants can sense the duration of light or dark during a 24-hour period.

Question 65

A flower consists of four whorls of modified leaves.

Question 66

Most flowering plants rely on animals rather than wind to transport pollen.

Question 67

In flowering plants, sperm forms the pollen grain.