Deck 3: Destination Marketing Organisation Dmo Funding and Governance

Question 1

The most common source of DMO funding is:

A) commissions
B) sponsorship
C) the private sector
D) the public sector

Answer 1

D

Question 2

One of the great difficulties in achieving high levels of private sector funding for DMOs is:

A) classifying which businesses actually benefit from visitor spending
B) there is no need as government funding is always sufficient
C) a lack of legislation
D) all of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Policies to spread visitor flows to regional areas are used by governments to encourage:

A) spatial redistribution
B) border controls
C) induced spending
D) All of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

'Import leakage' is an example of:

A) a positive socio-cultural impact of tourism
B) a negative socio-cultural impact of tourism
C) a negative environmental impact of tourism
D) a negative economic impact of tourism

Question 5

Which of the following is regarded by government as a benefit of a strong tourism industry?

A) Border controls
B) Lower taxes on business
C) Economic development
D) Exogenous events

Question 6

Approximately what ratio of jobs around the world is tourism related?

A) 1 in 1000
B) 1 in 100
C) 1 in 10
D) All jobs

Question 7

The vast majority of tourism businesses are considered to be:

A) Large corporations
B) Transport operators
C) Government operated
D) Small businesses

Question 8

Governments make most of their fiscal revenue from visitor in the form of:

A) fines
B) user-pays levies
C) border visa fee
D) airport departure taxes

Question 9

A relaxation of the visa policy for international visitors would most likely result in:

A) a reduction in visitor arrivals
B) an increase in visitor arrivals
C) a longer average length of stay
D) a shorter average length of stay

Question 10

China's Approved Destination Status (ADS) scheme is designed to:

A) enhance service quality for Chinese visitors
B) enhance safety for Chinese travellers
C) reduce the chances of illegal immigration
D) All of the above

Question 11

The earliest examples of government intervention to protect natural resources were the establishment of:

A) greenhouse gas emission taxes
B) land use planning legislation
C) national or forest parks
D) destination management organisations

Question 12

Public funding of tourism destination marketing is often justified on the basis of:

A) Market wants
B) Economic impacts
C) Visitor satisfaction
D) Portfolio modelling

Question 13

Government funding is usually provided by way of:

A) grants
B) accommodation tax
C) levy on business
D) All of the above

Question 14

Globally, tourism accounts for approximately what ratio of jobs?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 15

It has been suggested that if left to the private sector, the priority for individual businesses would to do what is best for their own operation rather than the destination. This is a description of:

A) the one industry concept
B) cooperating to compete
C) market failure
D) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of the 'exploration' stage of the destination life cycle:

A) Rapid tourism development over a short period
B) High environmental impacts
C) Rapid landscape change
D) Long length of stay

Question 17

In recent years there has been a shift towards DMOs being structured as:

A) government departments
B) public-private partnerships
C) private companies
D) charities

Question 18

The situation in which a DMO manage funding relationships with a number of different agencies has been referred to as the challenge of:

A) multiple accountability
B) co-operating to compete
C) one-industry concept
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is not regarded as a characteristic of good governance?

A) Financial
B) Lawful
C) Transparency
D) Responsive

Question 20

A central challenge in co-ordinating a destination tourism marketing network is:

A) stakeholders have differing market interests
B) the number and diversity of stakeholders
C) stakeholders' self-interests
D) All of the above

Question 21

The philosophy of cooperating to compete recognises the power of:

A) working together for the common good
B) success comes from tough competition
C) the free market economy
D) loose-tight governance

Question 22

Governance of a DMO is concerned with:

A) the correctness of decisions
B) lobbying the government
C) the process of decision making
D) cooperating to compete

Question 23

A DMO public-private partnership structure involves a combination of:

A) government policy advice and private sector funding
B) public scrutiny of private sector directors
C) government staff and private sector funding
D) government funding and private sector expertise

Question 24

Which of the following is a potential benefit of a DMO public-private partnership structure?

A) Reduced conflicts of interest
B) Improved access to government leadership
C) Increased surety of ongoing government funding
D) All of the above

Question 25

Multiple accountability refers to a situation faced by DMOs that have:

A) the public scrutiny of stakeholders
B) multiple funding sources
C) the public scrutiny of taxpayers
D) all of the above

Question 26

Historically, NTOs were first established as:

A) Government departments
B) Private sector cooperative alliances
C) Public-private partnerships (PPO)
D) Commercial entities