Deck 43: Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer

Question 1

Smoking greatly increases the chances of arteriosclerosis by

A) damaging alveoli.
B) lowering HDLs.
C) impairing kidney function.
D) causing irregular heartbeats.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is false?

A) Tobacco plants belong to the same family as tomatoes and potatoes.
B) Tobacco cultivation dates back to 8,000 years ago.
C) The first people to use tobacco were native North Americans.
D) We have known that tobacco is linked to cancer since the late eighteenth century.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Smoking can reduce the ability to eliminate sodium and water from the body. In this case the ingredients in cigarette smoke would be affecting the

A) heart.
B) pancreas.
C) kidneys.
D) stomach.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When a smoker inhales, the smoke first enters the pharynx. The next part of the respiratory tract the smoke moves into and damages is the

A) alveoli.
B) bronchi.
C) bronchioles.
D) tracheoles.

Question 5

Which of the following describes why a light smoker may become a heavy smoker?

A) Nicotine is broken down more and more quickly by enzymes in the blood.
B) A smoker's brain becomes less sensitized to nicotine as a trigger for the release of dopamine.
C) Nicotine is broken down more and more quickly by dopamine.
D) More and more nicotine binds to dopamine, reducing its effects.

Question 6

Recent research suggests that there may be a second chemical in tobacco smoke that

A) speeds up release of dopamine.
B) slows the breakdown of dopamine.
C) affects pleasure centers in the brain.
D) is twice as addictive as nicotine.

Question 7

Which of the following is true?

A) Cilia in the lungs are paralyzed by tobacco smoke.
B) Bronchioles in the lungs prevent tobacco smoke from reaching alveoli.
C) Alveoli are the least vulnerable parts of the human respiratory system.
D) Tobacco smoke reaches the trachea after passing through the bronchi.

Question 8

Blood containing nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke would travel from your lungs and move first into the

A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.

Question 9

Even though we understand perfectly well that tobacco is bad for us, people worldwide continue to smoke. Which of the following is most likely playing a role in this phenomenon?

A) Tobacco products are inexpensive.
B) Nicotine is addictive.
C) Nicotine causes the nucleus accumbens to shut down.
D) Smoking helps people lose weight.

Question 10

Which of the following is true?

A) Secondhand smoke poses no threat to nonsmokers.
B) A nonsmoking spouse of a smoker has approximately the same health risk from smoking as a nonsmoker.
C) In the United States, secondhand smoke from mothers kills more babies than child abuse.
D) A young person who quits smoking has the same life expectancy as an older person who quits smoking

Question 11

This figure shows a CT scan where the lung on the left is severely impacted by emphysema.
The region indicated by the arrow is clear because

A) a tumor has formed in this region.
B) tar from cigarette smoking is blocking the penetration of X-rays through the lung.
C) the alveoli in this region have all ruptured as a result of exposure to the irritants from cigarette smoke.
D) fluid has accumulated in this region of the lung as a result of edema.

Question 12

At the doctor's office a man complains of shortness of breath and a persistent cough. The man has been smoking for twenty years. These particular symptoms suggest that the man may have ___________ as a result of smoking.

A) peripheral artery disease
B) telomeres
C) chronic bronchitis
D) advanced lung cancer

Question 13

During the first few years after you quit smoking,

A) the toxins that remain in your body can still affect your unborn child.
B) you are more likely to develop a tumor in your lungs than a smoker that has not quit smoking.
C) the lungs recover completely from the damage caused by emphysema.
D) your chance of having a heart attack decreases significantly.

Question 14

Which of the following is an accurate statement?

A) By the time cigarette smoke gets to the bronchioles, it has already affected cells in the bronchi.
B) By the time cigarette smoke gets to the bronchioles, it has already affected alveoli.
C) By the time cigarette smoke gets to the pharynx, it has already passed through the alveoli.
D) By the time cigarette smoke gets to the trachea, it has already passed through the tracheoles.

Question 15

Nicotine in your blood would be transferred to interstitial fluid and body cells from

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) arterioles.
D) capillaries.

Question 16

Which of the following is most directly and intensely exposed to the dangerous agents in tobacco smoke?

A) the circulatory system
B) the nervous system
C) the respiratory system
D) the skeletal system

Question 17

A smoker can stand a better chance of quitting using some simple guidelines. Which of the following is not one of these guidelines?

A) Establish alternative behaviors to keep the craving to smoke at bay.
B) Recognize that it is hard to quit smoking and that you may not succeed on your first try.
C) Use alternative sources of nicotine to ease withdrawal.
D) Go on a strict diet to build your self- discipline.

Question 18

Where in your blood would you expect nicotine to be carried?

A) in hemoglobin
B) in blood plasma
C) in killer T cells
D) in macrophages

Question 19

Peripheral artery disease

A) involves the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels not found in heart tissues.
B) is equally common in smokers and nonsmokers.
C) causes heart attacks.
D) is the result of a sodium imbalance.

Question 20

Progressing from a "once in a while" smoker to a heavy smoker could be described as an example of

A) homeostasis.
B) negative feedback.
C) positive feedback.
D) a reflex loop.

Question 21

For nicotine to have an impact on the nervous system,

A) cells in the nervous system must have plasma membranes containing dopamine.
B) nicotine must act as an antigen on specific neurons.
C) some nerve cells must have receptors that can bind to nicotine.
D) nicotine must combine with preexisting antibodies in nerve cells.

Question 22

Edema results from the movement of ________ out of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues.

Question 23

It's safe to smoke if you don't inhale.

Question 24

People with emphysema have difficulty breathing because the walls of their alveoli break reducing the amount of _____________ available for gas exchange.

Question 25

Smoking damages only the lungs.

Question 26

Secondhand smoke is dangerous to nonsmokers because it contains the same __________ that cause cancer in smokers.

Question 27

People with chronic bronchitis have difficulty catching their breath because the diameter of their bronchioles is _________ than normal

Question 28

The addictive chemical in cigarette smoke is ________.

Question 29

Cigarette smoke contains aldehydes, aromatic amines, and N-nitrosamines, which are all ___________ that cause mutations in DNA.

Question 30

Like two other addictive drugs, cocaine and heroin, nicotine stimulates the release of ________ in the nucleus accumbens.

Question 31

The components of cigarette smoke in your blood would move from your lungs to the chambers of your heart through the _________ circuit.

Question 32

Where would you expect the effects of nicotine to occur at the level of a series of interconnected neurons?

A) on their myelin sheaths
B) at nodes of Ranvier
C) on the cell bodies of neurons
D) in synaptic clefts

Question 33

Since nicotine is not normally found in your body, after smoking a cigarette it can easily _________ (a passive process) from the blood into your interstitial fluid and then to the cells of your nervous system.

Question 34

Smokers who try to quit often become irritable and eat more, because

A) the pituitary gland is no longer suppressed from releasing the hormones that control appetite.
B) the body begins breaking down carcinogens and the resulting byproducts make it difficult to sleep.
C) the nervous system, which has been suppressed for so long by nicotine, becomes hypersensitive.
D) nicotine is no longer stimulating the release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens.

Question 35

Tobacco smoke inhaled by nonsmoking people near a smoker is called __________ smoke.

Question 36

Smoking paralyzes the cilia lining the respiratory system. This damages the lungs because

A) the cilia produce the mucus that covers the alveoli and without the mucus, gases cannot diffuse into the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
B) when the cilia cannot move, bacteria and particles cannot be swept out of the respiratory system before damaging the walls of the alveoli.
C) when paralyzed, the cilia cannot prevent backflow from the heart into the lungs. The resulting flow of high-pressure blood into the lungs ruptures capillaries.
D) cilia are the gas exchange structures of the lungs and when they are paralyzed, air cannot move in and out of the lungs.

Question 37

Examine the graph below.

According to this graph, a person who quits smoking between the ages of 55 and 64 has a ____________ life expectancy than a person who has never smoked.

Question 38

When fluid collects in alveoli as a result of smoking, gas exchange is slower because

A) gases are unable to dissolve in fluids.
B) the fluid blocks the flow of blood through the capillaries in the lungs.
C) the fluid increases the amount of surface area available for diffusion.
D) gases diffuse more slowly over the longer distance created by the fluid.

Question 39

In order for nicotine to affect a neuron, it would have to

A) cross capillary walls.
B) diffuse into interstitial fluid.
C) reach a neuron's plasma membrane.
D) all of the above

Question 40

Tobacco kills most of its victims by causing diseases of the heart and circulatory system.

Question 41

Carbon monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin more strongly than does oxygen (O₂).

Question 42

A smoker endangers his or her own health as well as the health of anyone who is nearby.

Question 43

Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) from cigarette smoke is dangerous because it binds to the site where carbon dioxide (CO₂) binds to hemoglobin, preventing CO₂ from diffusing out of the blood.

Question 44

Chewing tobacco is safe, because no smoke is produced.

Question 45

The more a person smokes, the more sensitive that person's brain becomes to nicotine.

Question 46

Carcinogens in tobacco smoke can get into the blood and cause cancer in areas other than the lungs.

Question 47

Nicotine is more addictive for men than women.

Question 48

If a person addicted to cigarette smoking cannot quit successfully on the first try, there is almost no hope of ever quitting.

Question 49

Nicotine is toxic to the human body because it directly affects the function of the nervous system.

Question 50

The earlier a smoker quits, the better chance he or she has of living a normal life span.

Question 51

Dopamine is the addictive agent in tobacco smoke.

Question 52

Smoking can increase levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the blood.

Question 53

Smoking is implicated in gingivitis, also known as chronic gum disease.

Question 54

The narrowing of blood vessels as a result of smoking decreases the amount of pressure needed to move blood through the body.

Question 55

The reason you feel energized after smoking a cigarette is that nicotine stimulates the release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands.

Question 56

Studies have shown that smoking cures wrinkles.

Question 57

Lung infections are more common in smokers because their lungs contain large amounts mucus in which bacteria can reside.

Question 58

Although a cigar-smoker may not inhale smoke, he or she is still subject to exposure to carcinogens in secondhand smoke.

Question 59

Nicotine patches and gum work by providing some level of nicotine to reduce the impact of withdrawal symptoms.

Question 60

Based on the data in the graph below, a person who quits smoking between the ages of 25 and 35 has approximately the same life expectancy as a nonsmoker.

Question 61

The enzyme MAO B prolongs the feeling of pleasure by preventing the breakdown of dopamine.

Question 62

The longer a person lives (even a nonsmoker), the shorter his or her chromosomes become.

Question 63

Smoking a cigarette increases the amount of glucose in your blood stream.