Deck 8: International Trade and Technology Transfers

Question 1

When ideas and knowledge are transferred in the form of designs, directions, instructions, blueprints, or diagrams that can be used directly by people to learn, understand, and apply the ideas and knowledge, the international transfers of technology are usually referred to as_ of technology.

A) direct transfers.
B) indirect transfers.
C) full transfers.
D) partial transfers.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Most recent studies and real world evidence suggests that:

A) technology moves very quickly between countries and industries.
B) technology does not move quickly between countries and industries.
C) technology is country specific but moves quickly between industries.
D) technology is development specific and usually flows between countries with similar per capita income levels.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

There is evidence that:

A) technological progress is a costless externality to other economic activity.
B) innovation is a costly process requiring the use of scarce resources.
C) technology can be costlessly applied in other countries once it has been discovered.
D) the cost of adopting existing technologies is much higher than developing a new technology.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

With regards to technological transfers, the evidence suggests that:

A) technology will disseminate more quickly to distant countries than neighboring countries.
B) technology will disseminate more quickly to neighboring countries than distant countries.
C) technology will usually disseminate equally between distant and neighboring countries.
D) technology does not disseminate quickly to distant or neighboring countries.

Question 5

While it remains difficult to measure technological diffusion between countries, two popular strategies for uncovering the flow of technology and ideas has been to examine __.

A) educational attainment and R&D data.
B) the number of web-hosts and R&D data.
C) educational attainment and patent data.
D) patent and R&D data.

Question 6

According to a study by Eaton and Kortum (1996), which three countries together drive more than half of all technological progress of the OECD countries?

A) the United States, France, and Germany.
B) the United States, Australia, and Germany.
C) the United States, Canada, and Germany.
D) the United States, Japan, and Germany.

Question 7

Most recent studies and real world patent evidence suggest that for most countries:

A) domestically-created technology is much more important than foreign-produced technology.
B) domestically-created technology is of equal importance to foreign-produced technology.
C) domestically-created technology is much less important than foreign-produced technology.
D) domestically-created technology is the only contributor to economic growth.

Question 8

The international flows of technology and the flows of international trade are:

A) completely unrelated.
B) negatively correlated so that countries that do not trade exchange the most technology.
C) are positively correlated only between the least developed economies.
D) positively correlated, especially when one of the trade partners is a developed country.

Question 9

Empirical studies have found that:

A) countries that are the most open in terms of the ratio of foreign trade to domestic output, enjoyed the greatest technological transfers.
B) countries that are most closed in terms of the ratio of foreign trade to domestic output, enjoyed the greatest technological transfers.
C) countries that are modestly open in terms of the ratio of foreign trade to domestic output, enjoyed the greatest technological transfers.
D) countries that are modestly closed in terms of the ratio of foreign trade to domestic output, enjoyed the greatest technological transfers.

Question 10

Vamvakidis (1998) found that, on average, developing countries experienced no acceleration of technological growth when they joined regional trade blocs consisting of:

A) exclusively other developing economies.
B) exclusively developed economies.
C) both developing and developed economies.
D) None of the above; all countries who join trade blocs experience faster technological progress.

Question 11

Many studies have examined the factors that influence the absorption of technological transfers. These studies suggest that the most important absorption factor is:

A) trade policy openness.
B) low corruption levels.
C) human capital levels.
D) private property rights.

Question 12

True or False: The volume of bilateral trade is able to explain a substantial portion of the variation in bilateral technology flows.

A) true.
B) false.

Question 13

The most important factor in a country's ability to absorb foreign technology is:

A) its openness to trade.
B) its level of human capital.
C) its rate of saving.
D) its type of government.

Question 14

Among the conclusions of Chapter Eight's survey of the evidence on international technology transfers is that:

A) developing countries gain more technology from trade links with developed economies than they do from trade links with other developing economies.
B) international flows of technology are far from instantaneous, and in general it takes longer for technology to move across borders than within countries.
C) small developed economies and all developing economies depend on foreign sources for most of their technological progress.
D) developed economies absorb more foreign technology than developing economies.
E) All of the above.

Question 15

Among the conclusions of Chapter Eight's survey of the evidence on international technology transfers is that:

A) foreign countries are the principal source of new technologies only for developing economies.
B) the volume of bilateral trade explains very little of the variation in bilateral technology flows.
C) small developed economies and all developing economies depend on foreign sources for most of their technological progress.
D) international flows of technology are just as fast as domestic technology flows.

Question 16

Among the conclusions of Chapter Eight's survey of the evidence on international technology transfers is that:

A) The volume of bilateral trade is able to explain a large part of the variation in bilateral technology flows.
B) the overall rate of diffusion has slowed markedly since World War II.
C) developing economies absorb more foreign technology than developed economies.
D) All of the above.
E) Only a and c above.

Question 17

Among the conclusions of Chapter Eight's survey of the evidence on international technology transfers is that:

A) the volume of bilateral trade is not able to explain any part of the variation in bilateral technology flows.
B) the overall rate of diffusion has decreased markedly since World War II.
C) developed economies absorb less foreign technology than developing economies.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 18

Among the conclusions of Chapter Eights survey of the evidence on international technology transfers is that:

A) developing countries gain more technology from trade links with other developing economies than they do from trade links with developed economies.
B) foreign countries are the principal source of new technologies only in the case of the very largest economies.
C) the most important determinants of the speed at which a country adopts technologies are the country's human capital endowment, type of government, and the degree of openness to trade.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.