Deck 10: Learning Disabilities

Question 1

From a medical perspective, a specific learning disability is defined as a condition that manifests before the age of 18 years and is typified with significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning accompanied by significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The most prevalent cause of learning disabilities is a dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) in producing, processing, or storing information.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Learning disabilities is the largest disability category for all racial/ethnic groups served under IDEA.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Despite normal vision and hearing, some youth with LD may misinterpret common sights and sounds due to some unexplained dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS).

Question 5

Disproportionately, girls are more likely to have LD than boys, possibly because boys tend to mature faster.

Question 6

When working with students who have LD, it is important to emphasize structured movement experiences.

Question 7

When working with students who have LD, it is important to emphasize highly competitive and aggressive sports.

Question 8

Behavior modification strategies are necessary to effectively teach students with LD/ADHD who have a hard time paying attention, receiving and processing information (e.g., difficulty following task structures), expressing or giving back information (e.g., teacher's instructions), or who are easily distracted, restless, fidgety, or hyperactive.

Question 9

The extant research base has not shown peer tutoring as an effective strategy in promoting inclusion or facilitating skill development with students who have learning disabilities.

Question 10

Generally speaking, a student with a learning disability should not be put into situations where conflict is likely to arise (e.g., intensely competitive activities).

Question 11

Which is the best description of a student with learning disabilities?

A) The child tends to exhibit inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and excessive impulsivity, which are unwarranted for the child's age and hinders his or her social and educational success.
B) The child has a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written.
C) The child demonstrates a marked delay in meeting motor developmental milestones (e.g., walking) and in the development of motor coordination that is not explained by intellectual disability or a known physical disorder.
D) The child exhibits one or more of the following tendencies over a long period of time and to a marked degree: (1) an inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; (2) an inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships; (3) inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances; (4) a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; and (5) a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

Question 12

Which is the best description of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A) A disorder typified by a pattern of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that is more persistent and frequent than that observed in typically developing children and youth.
B) A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written.
C) A condition in which an individual has a significantly lower-than-average IQ level and has deficits in functional living skills and adaptive behavior.
D) A term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movement and muscle coordination.

Question 13

Sometimes a student with learning disabilities is said to have "a motor that is always running." Why?

A) Because she or he tends to exhibit clumsiness and lack motor competence.
B) Because he or she tends to be extremely extroverted and as a result will take on high risk challenges.
C) Because she or he tends to exhibit hyperactivity, which is typified by constant movement and overt activity at inappropriate times.
D) Because he or she tends to be regarded as an outcast and usually avoids social interactions with peers.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Some 10 to 25 percent of children/youth with LD have associated disorders such as ADD or ADHD.
B) The prevalence of ADHD concomitant with LD is between 30 and 70 percent.
C) The prevalence of ADHD concomitant with LD is between 70 and 90 percent.
D) Some 3 to 7 percent of children/youth with LD also display ADHD tendencies.

Question 15

According to the 29th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the IDEA (USDE, 2010), which of the following statements is accurate?

A) The largest disability category is intellectual disabilities (8.9%).
B) The largest disability category is specific learning disabilities (45.5%).
C) The largest disability category is speech or language impairments (85.7%).
D) The largest disability category is serious emotional disturbance (5.7%).

Question 16

Which statement is false about children/youth with LD?

A) They tend to exhibit below-average intelligence, which is the main reason they struggle with academic tasks and learning.
B) They tend to experience an imbalanced pattern of development (e.g., academic, language, physical, motor, coordination, perceptual).
C) They tend to have learning difficulties not necessarily due to social-environmental disadvantages or other disabling conditions such as intellectual disabilities or emotional disturbance.
D) Compared to peers without disabilities, children/youth with LD tend to drop-out of school at a much rate higher.

Question 17

What is the most prevalent cause of learning disabilities?

A) Perinatal brain or CNS injury.
B) Dysfunction in the CNS in producing, processing, or storing information.
C) Lead poisoning and fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) Fragile X syndrome.

Question 18

Which statement is most accurate when teaching children and youth with LD?

A) Lessons that use an unstructured movement exploration approach are most beneficial to students with LD.
B) Lessons should not include daily routines and warm-up activities because these are boring to students with LD.
C) Lesson activities that use a multisensory approach are most beneficial to students with LD.
D) Lessons that include movement exploration activities, obstacle courses, mazes, maps, gymnastics, station-to-station activities, or self-monitoring activities (e.g., conditioning exercises, weightlifting) should be avoided.

Question 19

Which statement is false about determining whether a game accommodation is appropriate?

A) The game modification(s) should not allow the student with disabilities to actively engage in the game successfully and to avoid motor challenges.
B) The game modification(s) should not create an unsafe environment for anyone.
C) The game modification(s) should not create a negative experience for classmates without disabilities.
D) The game modification(s) should not create an undue burden on the teacher.

Question 20

Which statement is false about sports for athletes with LD?

A) It is important for physical educators and coaches to encourage students with LD to participate with their peers.
B) Students with LD are born without the same potential as their typically developing peers.
C) Appropriate opportunities and encouragement from teachers and parents will ensure that each student reaches his or her full potential.
D) Early intervention and exposure to a wide variety of sports and physical activities will increase fitness and skill level and maintain a high quality of life.