Deck 2: Reading and Interpreting the Literature in Exercise Science

Question 1

Which of the following is the most important reason for reading and understanding scientific literature in exercise science?

A) It looks good on job rTsumTs.
B) It helps to separate fact from fiction.
C) It helps students get better grades.
D) It reduces the amount of time that students need to spend studying.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the difference between a scientific literature source and a nonscientific literature source?

A) Scientific literature sources undergo a peer review process, whereas nonscientific literature sources do not.
B) Scientific literature sources describe the results of research studies, whereas nonscientific literature sources do not.
C) Scientific literature sources are always published in journals, while nonscientific literature sources are usually only in magazines.
D) Scientific literature sources are read by more people than nonscientific literature sources.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the difference between a primary and a secondary academic reference?

A) Primary academic references include basic and applied research articles, whereas secondary academic references include review articles and academic book or textbook chapters.
B) Primary academic references are always longer than secondary academic references.
C) Primary academic references are peer-reviewed, while secondary academic references are not.
D) Primary academic references always contain facts, but secondary academic references do not.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following are nonscientific literature sources?

A) Book and textbook chapters
B) Review articles and meta-analyses
C) Popular magazines, newspaper articles, and most Internet websites
D) Research articles and technical notes

Question 5

Which of the following is the purpose of the Abstract section of a primary academic reference?

A) It thoroughly describes the methods used by the authors in the study.
B) It presents all of the results from the study.
C) It provides a detailed discussion of the results from the study.
D) It provides a very brief overview of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions from the study.

Question 6

Which of the following is one of the functions of the Introduction section of a primary academic reference?

A) It provides a purpose statement for the study.
B) It describes the methods that were used in the study.
C) It provides a detailed discussion of the results from the study.
D) It provides a summary of the most important findings from the study.

Question 7

What is one of the most important reasons why the Methods section of a primary academic reference must provide a detailed description of the design of the study and all the techniques that were used to collect the data?

A) Another researcher may want to replicate or slightly modify the study.
B) It is hard to understand the results from a research study without first knowing the methods that were used to collect the data.
C) The methods used in the research study must be consistent with those used in previous investigations.
D) The Methods section must be the same length as all of the other sections of the article.

Question 8

What is one of the most important reasons why the Results section of a primary academic reference must provide a comprehensive description of the results from all of the statistical analyses that were performed?

A) The Results section must be the same length as all of the other sections of the article.
B) The primary academic reference will not get published unless the Results section is comprehensive.
C) The results from a research study may be used in review articles known as meta-analyses.
D) The Results section is the only part of the research article where the author(s) presents the results from their statistical analyses.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the most important functions of the Discussion section of a primary academic reference?

A) The Discussion section is a brief synopsis of the results from the study.
B) The Discussion section provides a basis for performing the study.
C) The Discussion section develops a basis for future studies.
D) The Discussion section describes why the study was performed.

Question 10

What is one of the most important functions of the reference list in a primary academic reference?

A) It shows that the author(s) of the article understands the literature in the area.
B) It provides all of the information that is needed for the reader to acquire the publications cited by the author(s) in the article.
C) It shows the names of other scientists who are conducting research in the area.
D) It shows that the study was not the first one conducted in the area.

Question 11

What is one of the most important differences between exercise science textbooks and books that focus on a specialized topic in exercise science?

A) Textbooks are usually comprehensive, whereas books on a specialized topic are not.
B) Textbooks are usually written for teaching purposes, while books on a specialized topic usually summarize the literature in a particular area.
C) Textbooks are always longer than books on a specialized topic.
D) Textbooks often have a different author for each chapter, whereas books on a specialized topic are usually written by only one author.

Question 12

Which of the following is a useful, government-based website for locating scientific literature sources in exercise science?

A) Google
B) Yahoo
C) PubMed
D) Wikipedia

Question 13

Which of the following services are students encouraged to use when their university or college library does not have access to the full-text version of the article that they are trying to acquire?

A) Interlibrary loan
B) PubMed
C) ERIC
D) Google

Question 14

Due to its "scientific infancy," current knowledge in exercise science can change rapidly and often.

Question 15

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prevents a person from publishing anything that is not true.

Question 16

The peer review process for a scientific research article typically takes less than two weeks to complete.

Question 17

The peer review process for a scientific research article is extensive and rigorous and demands a higher quality of literature than nonscientific, non-reviewed sources.

Question 18

There is usually only one scientific research article for a specific topic, so it is relatively easy to draw sound conclusions regarding the literature in a particular area.

Question 19

Secondary academic references typically summarize and/or synthesize the results of many research studies.

Question 20

In some cases, nonscientific literature sources are subjective and opinion-based articles that have not been reviewed for credibility or content.

Question 21

Another name for a scientific research study is an original investigation.

Question 22

In many journals, the Abstract section of a scientific research article is required to be 150-250 words in length.

Question 23

In many cases, the Abstract section of a scientific research article can be accessed free of charge from specialized Internet search engines.

Question 24

The Introduction section of a scientific research article provides detailed information regarding the experimental design of the study and the methods that were used to collect the data.

Question 25

The Methods section of a scientific research article is important because it helps to establish the external validity of the study.

Question 26

The Results section of a scientific research article describes only the most interesting findings from the study.

Question 27

The Discussion section of a scientific research article usually contains information regarding the results from previous studies that have examined similar research questions.

Question 28

Specialized books and review articles are excellent resources for students who want to learn about specific topics in exercise science.

Question 29

A meta-analysis is a review article that uses statistical procedures to combine the results from several studies that have addressed a similar research question.

Question 30

The only way for students to gain access to scientific research articles in exercise science is to go to their library and find the article in stacks of large bound periodicals.

Question 31

University libraries often purchase online subscriptions to journals so that researchers and students can gain full-text access to articles from computers on the university's campus, or even at home through proxy servers connected through the university.