Deck 10: Gender, Work, and the Workplace

Question 1

Role enhancement hypothesis asserts that multiple roles-including marriage, children and satisfying work-are associated with better health.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Affirmative Action has had more positive effects for women entering

A) farm and agricultural work
B) professions and management
C) clerical and sales jobs
D) domestic work

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A career orientation differs from a job in degree of

A) educational preparation
B) personal sacrifice
C) commitment
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The goal of comparable worth is to

A) upgrade wages for jobs which employ large numbers of women
B) encourage men to enter female-dominated professions
C) eliminate Affirmative Action
D) all of the above

Question 5

Employers believe employed husbands and fathers

A) are less stable workers
B) have higher absenteeism
C) are more committed to their jobs
D) cost the company more in the long run

Question 6

In which type of occupation are women most underrepresented?

A) professional and technical
B) white collar work
C) blue collar skilled trades
D) sales work

Question 7

Compared to single-earner couples, dual-earner couples are more likely to share spending decisions.

Question 8

Considering the gender differences in occupations, which is least likely to occur?

A) a male high school teacher
B) a female physician specializing in cardiac surgery
C) a male elementary school principal
D) a female lawyer specializing in family law

Question 9

Over ______ of single mothers participate in the workforce.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 10

Gender or sex-typing of occupations

A) is no longer evident today
B) assumes that the best and most qualified person will get the job
C) links occupational role with gender role
D) all of the above

Question 11

The subtle mechanisms that enhance a man's position in female-dominated occupations are referred to as the ____ effect.

A) glass ceiling
B) glass escalator
C) cement floor
D) plexiglass walls

Question 12

Women in male-dominated occupations are likely to be

A) clustered in less prestigious specialties
B) paid more than the men
C) promoted more quickly than the men
D) fired more quickly

Question 13

Those occupations requiring nurturing, helping and a high level of empathy are designated as

A) high prestigious occupations
B) male occupations
C) gender biased occupations
D) female occupations

Question 14

Discuss the impact of a woman's household roles on her work outside the home. What gender attitude changes are necessary to alter this situation?

Question 15

The human capital model is based on

A) individual choices for job selection
B) the law of supply and demand
C) functionalist assumptions
D) all of the above

Question 16

The wage gap between men and women exists regardless of a woman's

A) race
B) educational achievement
C) work experience
D) all of the above

Question 17

Employed African-American middle-class women

A) began moving into the professions earlier that white women
B) are not as likely as white women to be steered into female-dominated professions
C) are concentrated in the private sector or corporate America
D) all of the above

Question 18

The idea that women fail to rise to senior positions because of an invisible barrier constructed by male management is referred to as

A) corporate politics
B) hierarchical control
C) the glass ceiling
D) the boardroom barrier

Question 19

Partnership models and Japanese style management in the workplace include all but which one of the following?

A) egalitarian social structure
B) a strong emphasis on corporate hierarchy and ranking of employees
C) teamwork, openness and sharing information
D) consensus style of decision making

Question 20

The system that operates on norms that support cultural notions of masculinity and femininity and often bars women from meaningful participation in informal networks and systems is called the

A) partnership network
B) hierarchical network
C) old boy system
D) matriarchal system

Question 21

Employed mothers tend to be less committed to their jobs than employed fathers.

Question 22

How does the stereotyping related to the female gender role impede women managers as they perform their corporate roles and as they strive for upward mobility in those roles?

Question 23

The Family and Medical Leave Act allows both men and women to take 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for a family member.

Question 24

How does gender-typing violate assumptions about our economic system and the values associated with it?

Question 25

At all levels, economic disparities between men and women are associated most with women's

A) home-based lives
B) lack of education
C) desire to be full-time homemakers
D) all of the above

Question 26

Women have traditionally engaged in

A) agricultural activities
B) producing goods for consumption in their households
C) cottage industry
D) all of the above

Question 27

Occupational segregation by gender leads to a devaluing of occupations more likely held by women.

Question 28

Explain the gender wage gap from both the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Based on research evidence, which theory provides the better explanation?

Question 29

Historically in the U.S., women first entered the workplace in very large numbers seeking employment as

A) schoolteachers
B) workers in the textile mills
C) office workers and bank tellers
D) nurses

Question 30

By the end of the ______ century, the Victorian ideal of female frailty emerged.

A) 17^th
B) 18^th
C) 19^th
D) 20^th

Question 31

The Civil War transformed the ______ profession from male to female.

A) clerical
B) nursing
C) teaching
D) retail sales

Question 32

As women increasingly took over the male clerical positions, these positions

A) increased in pay
B) decreased in status and pay
C) became part-time
D) increased in status

Question 33

Increased life expectancy is related to

A) increased health for the elderly
B) higher rates of employment for the elderly
C) increased child care responsibilities for the elderly
D) all of the above

Question 34

During the Victorian era, ____ were defined as physically and mentally incapable of working in factory settings.

A) middle-class women
B) farm women
C) poor migrant women
D) women of color

Question 35

Compared to men, women are more likely to face the stress of ______ in the workplace.

A) gender discrimination
B) sexual harassment
C) stereotyping
D) all of the above

Question 36

The women's "second shift" is defined as

A) working outside the home an extra 5 to 8 hours
B) watching other people's children so that both parents can be employed
C) taking on another shift of work inside the home after a day of paid employment
D) equally sharing household chores with husbands

Question 37

A ______ is most likely to be the first caregiver for an elderly man.

A) daughter
B) wife
C) neighbor
D) stranger

Question 38

Those middle-aged women caring for children and elderly relatives are known as

A) the sandwich generation
B) martyrs
C) split rolled
D) double dutied

Question 39

It is the role of ____ that has the greatest impact on work choice for women.

A) wife
B) daughter
C) mother
D) grandmother

Question 40

A break in a woman's employment affects her

A) career mobility
B) wages
C) job status
D) all of the above

Question 41

The estimated yearly cost (at going rate) for the services wives and mothers provide for free is well over

A) $5,000
B) $10, 000
C) $25,000
D) $50,000

Question 42

The most important legal prohibition of gender discrimination in employment is

A) the Equal Pay Act
B) the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
C) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
D) Affirmative Action

Question 43

The 1971 unanimous Supreme Court decision in Reed versus Reed ruled that

A) women would not be required to lift as much weight on certain jobs
B) Affirmative Action legislation was at that time unconstitutional
C) giving preference to males as administrators of estates was in violation of the 14th Amendment
D) equal pay must be given for equal work