Deck 10: Safety

Question 1

The science of human limitations, and creating systems in aviation that are designed to optimize performance and capture errors, is called:

A) Human factors
B) Human performance matrix
C) Sociology
D) Psychology of aviation
E) All of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which statement is NOT correct in relation to the history of aviation accidents?

A) Historically, aviation took a reactive approach to aviation safety and accident investigation
B) Accidents rates fell between the 1950s and the 1960s, but stayed about the same until the end of the 1970s
C) A 1979 seminar held by NASA eventually paved the way for the science of human factors to enter the world of pilot training
D) All three statements are correct
E) None of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

CRM training

A) Involves only airline Captains
B) Is optional for pilots each year
C) Has a goal of creating a culture of teamwork in aviation
D) Has always been accepted in aviation as being worthwhile
E) None of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of a CRM framework?

A) Co-operation
B) Fatigue
C) Leadership and managerial skills
D) Decision making
E) Situation awareness

Question 5

In modern aviation, the NOTECHS framework is commonly used as a standardized structure for CRM training and assessment. Which of these is an example of a NOTECHS category?

A) Data analysis
B) Checklist knowledge
C) Aircraft knowledge
D) Decision-making
E) Computing

Question 6

In LOFT training

A) Flight crews are given manuals to study for hours on end
B) Pilots are told to talk down to subordinates to establish dominance
C) Pilots are placed in a flight simulator and work through a scenario that incorporates a variety of abnormal or emergency procedures
D) Flight crews are challenged to manage a malfunction in an actual aircraft (deliberately created by the airline) each year to ensure they can manage emergencies.
E) All of these

Question 7

During a LOSA

A) Experts observe cockpit procedures during normal operations to assess threats faced by the crew
B) Pilots are put into a G-force simulator to see what they can withstand
C) Airlines are shut down until the reason for an accident can be established
D) Training is re-aligned to the expectations of IATA
E) All of the above

Question 8

Today, CRM and LOFT training incorporates LOSA observations to create a company specific training system, which is called:

A) TIRE
B) TEM
C) TAA
D) TTA
E) TTC

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Human limitations are natural and predictable. They reflect incompetence and a lack of effort
B) Often, human factors do not directly cause an accident, but rather reduce the ability to manage any complications that arise
C) Systems used by human operators must designed to be error intolerant
D) Human should always be told to adapt to the system, never the other way around
E) None of the statements are correct

Question 10

Which of these is NOT an issue investigated in the science of human factors?

A) Culture
B) Fatigue
C) Decision making
D) Workload management
E) They are all issues investigated in human factors

Question 11

What is the most common reason for aviation professionals to lose their medical licenses?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Mental health concerns
C) Vision loss
D) Loss of fine motor skills
E) Cancer

Question 12

Fatigue is a complicated issue linked to reduced physical and mental performance and alertness. Fatigue is associated with a variety of factors, including sleep requirements, continuous hours awake, and circadian rhythms. Which one is correct about fatigue?

A) Pilots become accustomed to fatigue over time, and it has less of an impact.
B) Jet lag doesn't result in fatigue.
C) People who sleep only one hour less than required demonstrate high alertness the following day.
D) Continuous hours awake can also negatively impact performance.
E) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an example of a lack of situational awareness by an aviation professional?

A) Pilot not perceiving a mountain during visual flight
B) Controller dismissing the severity of weather conditions at higher altitude
C) Maintenance engineer unable to predict how actions will impact flight
D) Two aircrafts are dangerously close to each other
E) All of the above are examples of a lack of situational awareness

Question 14

In order to make an informed decision, aviation professionals must be:

A) Alert
B) Unbiased
C) Situationally aware
D) Alive
E) Trained

Question 15

A system of organization-wide risk identification and risk assessment is initialized as:

A) CRM
B) LOFT
C) TEM
D) SMS
E) SRM

Question 16

'The state in which the possibility of harm to person or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management'. This is the ICAO definition of:

A) Customer satisfaction
B) TEM
C) SMS
D) Safety
E) Security

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A) The Mahon Report showed that an entire airline lied about procedures to cover up fault in an accident at Mount Erebus in Antarctica
B) On November 28, 1979, a DC10 Aircraft operated by Air New Zealand flew into Mount Erebus at 6,000 ft. 257 people on board were killed
C) The Moshansky Report showed that a crash March 10, 1989 in Dryden Ontario was a result of a number of factors throughout the entire aviation industry
D) Both the Mahon and Moshansky reports led to a greater push for SMS and more study of the organizational approach to safety
E) All these statements are correct

Question 18

The Mahon and Moshansky reports, both agree in principle with

A) Pilots are nearly always responsible for every crash in aviation
B) The idea that mechanical error led to the loss of life
C) The condemnation of the study of human factors
D) Reason's Swiss Cheese Model
E) None of these

Question 19

According to Reason's Swiss cheese model, when describing the cause of an accident, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) An example of a latent failure is a broken window
B) Active failures result in immediate consequences
C) It is common for accidents to occur as a result of the alignment of latent and active failures
D) Each layer of an organization represents a safeguard with the potential to prevent an accident
E) All above the above statements are true

Question 20

Which of the following is not a level of human error as described by HFACS?

A) Unsafe acts of operators
B) Industrial influences
C) Preconditions for unsafe acts
D) Unsafe supervision
E) Organizational influences

Question 21

Which organization is NOT a member of the Industry Safety Strategy Group (ISSG), who developed the Global Aviation Safety Roadmap in 2005?

A) IATA
B) Airbus
C) ACI
D) United Airlines
E) ICAO

Question 22

Annex 19, which came into force in 2013, describes:

A) The proper use of SMS, CRM, TEM and LOFT
B) Safety responsibilities associated with SSPs and SMSs
C) The goal of eliminating all human caused accidents in aviation by 2030
D) Reason's Swiss Cheese Model
E) All of these

Question 23

According to Annex 19, which must be in place for each State?

A) A list of all aviation incidents that resulted in the loss of an aircraft
B) A state suggestion that each operation might choose to implement SMS
C) A cash reward offered by the state to 'rat out' other pilots who violate procedures
D) A mandatory anonymous incident reporting system
E) None of these

Question 24

Which statement reflects a foundational philosophy associated with SMSs?

A) All airline operations are the same
B) All airline operations are unique
C) All planes are exactly the same
D) Airlines need to have a reactive approach to dealing with aviation safety
E) All of these

Question 25

The United Airlines Flight 232 demonstrated the benefits of CRM. After completing the engine shutdown checklist, the crew successfully diagnosed the problem, when they saw that the hydraulic system pressure and quantity was at zero. The first officer (FO) told the Captain he could not control the plane as it began a right descending turn. The Captain took control, reduced the number 1 engine thrust, and rolled the aircraft wings level. What can be said about the location of number 1 engine based on the information above and in the student workbook?

A) It was on the right side
B) It was on the left side
C) It was tail-mounted
D) Nothing can be said about the location
E) None of these

Question 26

Regarding the United Airlines Flight 232, the pilots advised the senior flight attendant of the situation and she prepared the cabin for an emergency landing. The flight attendant returned to tell the pilots that a DC-10 check airman was in the cabin as a passenger and that he had offered his assistance. The Captain immediately invited the check airman to the cockpit. Why would the pilots have welcomed the check airman into the cockpit?

A) He was an experienced pilot
B) They felt pressured to include him
C) It was purely a seniority issue
D) They might need his assistance
E) A and D

Question 27

Regarding the Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 crash, what could have been a reason why no one responded to the warnings or extreme bank?

A) The FO (being a junior crewmember) felt it was dishonourable to oppose a senior Captain and hence failed to take control
B) The Captain believed his professional judgement in piloting an aircraft was superior to the flight engineer's recommendations
C) There flight engineer warned the Captain about the bank issue too late, only seconds before the aircraft struck the ground
D) A and B
E) All of these conjectures are correct

Question 28

As can be seen by the Germanwings Flight 9525 CFIT accident, mental health screening is a crucial component of a pilot's medical certification. The FO was suffering severe depressive episodes and feared losing his medical certificate, which would resultingly cost him

A) A $50,000 fine
B) His job
C) 6 months probation
D) His sanity
E) None of these options are correct

Question 29

Following the Bashkirian Flight 2937 and DHL Flight 611 accident, procedures were changed so that if alerted that another aircraft is on a collision course, pilots must

A) Follow the direction of the TCAS alerts
B) Follow the direction of the ATC
C) Descend
D) Ascend
E) Use their professional judgement in determining the best course of action

Question 30

As emphasized by the Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 accident, when piloting an aircraft, which of the following tasks is of utmost priority?

A) Ensurin
B) Ensuring customer satisfaction
C) Ensuring the correct functioning of all systems
D) Ensuring a safe flight
E) All of these tasks are of equal priority