Deck 8: Women in the Developing World

Question 1

What program did the United Nations create to focus on women's participation in economic and political activities?

A) Council on Women's Rights
B) Gender Empowerment Measure
C) Gender Equality Association
D) Women's Rights Organization

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In 2010, Dilma Rousseff was elected the first woman president of

A) Canada
B) Brazil
C) Indonesia
D) Turkey

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why did Queen Noor NOT attend her husband's funeral?

A) She was beside herself with grief.
B) Her own illness
C) She was blamed for his death.
D) For religious reasons

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In which region did marianismo originate?

A) North America
B) Africa
C) Latin America
D) Asia

Question 5

Besides globalization, what other international phenomenon has shaped gender roles in poor countries?

A) Industrialization
B) Colonialism
C) Globalism
D) Migration of dreams

Question 6

Kakuben Lalabhi Parmar, a member of the untouchable caste in India, became a globe-trotting businesswoman

A) through working at an IBM computer center in India.
B) after being recruited as a student by an American university.
C) by selling her handicrafts through the not-for-profit Sewa Project.
D) after her stylishness was noticed by a BBC television crew doing a documentary.

Question 7

What is money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman?

A) Bride price
B) Husband's payment
C) Dowry
D) Marriage gift

Question 8

Rape of women as a weapon of war and politics

A) is a recent phenomenon.
B) has never actually been proven.
C) has occurred since ancient times.
D) is not considered to be a war crime.

Question 9

In the developing world, the role of women in agriculture

A) is increasing as more men take jobs in cities.
B) is decreasing as more women take jobs in cities.
C) is acknowledged as highly important by aid organizations and government agencies.
D) has never been assessed.

Question 10

New jobs in the developing world follow patterns of the industrialized world in what way?

A) Most jobs open to women provide limited opportunities and authority.
B) Most women are hired for labor-intensive, low-wage industries.
C) Most jobs open to women require a willingness to take orders and work with the public.
D) All of the above

Question 11

In which country are women required to wear chadores?

A) Iraq
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Afghanistan
D) Iran

Question 12

Which of the following countries does NOT have a tradition of family-sanctioned prostitution?

A) India
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Cambodia
D) Thailand

Question 13

Although honor killings are generally associated with Muslims in Arab countries, this group of people has also been associated with the practice.

A) Arab Christians
B) American Christians
C) Hindus
D) Confucians

Question 14

In which country do honor killings account for approximately one-fourth of the annual murders?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) Jordan
C) Syria
D) Iran

Question 15

Gender equality in developing countries

A) is not yet acknowledged by the global community as a priority.
B) is promoted by international development agencies and global pressure on governments.
C) has taken a step backward.
D) None of the above

Question 16

Which region did the Lost Decade occur in?

A) Latin America
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) North America

Question 17

What is the most important reason for the sharp rise in women's employment?

A) Increase in traditional values
B) Globalization
C) Fewer job opportunities
D) Decrease in education

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of women who work in the maquiladora industry?

A) Single
B) Childless
C) Skilled at manual labor
D) Completed secondary education

Question 19

The Grameen Bank provides credit to

A) men who have wives and children to support.
B) foreign companies that want to hire local women.
C) women in small groups of five to seven.
D) minors who have no established credit.

Question 20

The Beijing Conference was

A) an example of the United Nations' focus on women's rights.
B) a global-warming summit organized by female world leaders.
C) the first international women's rights conference in history.
D) sponsored by the Nike corporation.

Question 21

The status of women in Turkey

A) is so low that it is an obstacle to Turkey's EU membership.
B) has declined due to Islamic political power.
C) is reflected in their literacy rates.
D) All of the above

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a result of women gaining access to credit?

A) More money is in the hands of women.
B) Women are less likely to employ other women.
C) Women contribute more to household expenses.
D) Women working outside the home have better access to health care.

Question 23

The French Revolution and the American Revolution, which focused on the equality of men and fraternity, are examples of what?

A) The feminization of employment
B) Panchayat
C) Maleness of politics
D) Internal self-selection

Question 24

Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Pakistan People's Party?

A) Sign the U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
B) Improve working conditions and job opportunities for women
C) Introduce maternity leave
D) Decrease infant mortality rates

Question 25

In Bangladesh women have formed village associations to demand all but which of the following?

A) An end to oral divorce
B) The introduction of maternity leave
C) The abolition of dowries
D) The end of sexual harassment

Question 26

In 1998, in the United States, the Southern Baptist Convention issued a statement that called on women to submit themselves graciously to their husbands' leadership.

Question 27

Social constructions of gender are generally created and implemented by women.

Question 28

Women in societies in which religion does NOT play a dominant role generally have a higher status than women in countries where social relations are based on religion.

Question 29

Women in Bangladesh who have achieved a degree of financial success to enable them to refuse marriage proposals are often victimized by the rejected men.

Question 30

Veiling does NOT vary from one Islamic society to another and always involves the same rituals.

Question 31

Like veiling, female genital mutilation is often seen as a religious practice, as well as a cultural issue, by some Islamic conservatives.

Question 32

The sale of females is the practice of trafficking young girls and women into forced marriages and prostitution.

Question 33

In 1993, Tansu Aller became the first woman to lead Argentina.

Question 34

Rape of women was consistently used as a weapon of political intimidation during Zimbabwe's 2008 election.

Question 35

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations estimates that women are responsible for up to 80 percent of food crops in Africa.

Question 36

In Afghanistan, the Taliban sponsors many schools for girls.

Question 37

In 2004, Iran had a female vice president, and women held one-third of the seats in the parliament.

Question 38

Indira Ghandi was the leader of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 to 1984.

Question 39

Between 1975 and 1995, the United Nations held ten conferences on women.

Question 40

In Afghanistan in 2010, women were not allowed to work on the facelift of the Kabul Women's Garden.

Question 41

In ____________, revolutionary changes by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk improved the status of women.

Question 42

The covering of a woman's body with garments that preserve the notion of male dominance and female subservience is ____________.

Question 43

Women's wearing of the ______________ is at the heart of politics in Turkey.

Question 44

Female circumcision, or __________________, is the practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.

Question 45

_______________was a 2010 international aid project that empowered Afghan women to do the labor.

Question 46

_______________ are the slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.

Question 47

As part of its revolutionary approach, the new government in ___________, which overthrew King Farouk in 1952, implemented equal educational opportunities for women.

Question 48

The increasing number of women working in the new global economy is also called the ____________________.

Question 49

The Grameen Bank's social contract, the ______________, is founded on four principles.

Question 50

The ______________ is politics regarded as an activity for men.

Question 51

The mothers who marched in Argentina to draw attention to the "disappeared" were the _______________.

Question 52

India passed a constitutional amendment in 1993 that set aside a third of all ____________, or village council seats and village chief positions for women.

Question 53

In 2006, _____________, a former economist at the World Bank, became Africa's first female head of state.

Question 54

_______________ was the first woman to lead Pakistan.

Question 55

What is the meaning of following term:
-Socialization

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 56

What is the meaning of following term:
-Roles

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 57

What is the meaning of following term:
-Marianismo

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 58

What is the meaning of following term:
-Status

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 59

What is the meaning of following term:
-Dowries

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 60

What is the meaning of following term:
-Social construct

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 61

What is the meaning of following term:
-Chadore

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 62

What is the meaning of following term:
-Female genital mutilation

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 63

What is the meaning of following term:
-Bride price

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 64

What is the meaning of following term:
-Honor killings

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 65

What is the meaning of following term:
-Lost Decade

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 66

What is the meaning of following term:
-Maquiladora industry

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 67

What is the meaning of following term:
-Sixteen Decisions

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 68

What is the meaning of following term:
-Internal self-selection

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 69

What is the meaning of following term:
-Purdah

A) Subjective standards used by societies.
B) Expectations regarding the duties, rights, and skills of individuals.
C) Money given to a husband for marrying a particular woman.
D) The practice of circumcising women for the benefit of men; it is often defended on the grounds of cultural relativism.
E) The period of economic decline in Latin America in the 1980s.
F) A garment that women are required by law to wear in Iran that covers the body completely.
G) An ideology in which the family is seen as being held together spiritually and emotionally through the mother's steadfast devotion.
H) The tendency of individuals to decide NOT to apply for loans.
I) The slaughter of women who are deemed to be unchaste.
J) The social contract of the Grameen Bank.
K) The process in which values and perceptions help to determine our roles in society.
L) The rule that requires women to wear veils restricts their mobility and social interaction and limits access to employment.
M) Prefers to hire single, childless women who graduated from high school.
N) One's position in the social, economic, and political hierarchy.
O) A tradition in Africa in which a man is required to pay for his bride.

Question 70

List the major concerns of the Beijing Conference (4).

Question 71

List the characteristics of female leaders (4).

Question 72

List the four principles of the Sixteen Decisions.

Question 73

What role does socialization play in determining gender roles? Compare and contrast socialization trends in different parts of the developing world. Be sure to include specific examples.

Question 74

How does politics often exclude women? What methods should be employed to equalize, among genders, access to political systems?

Question 75

Economic and cultural changes are making it easier for women to become entrepreneurs. Discuss this, using specific examples from the developing world.

Question 76

How do class and familial ties in Asia, Africa, and Latin America affect gender roles? Be sure to include examples from each region.

Question 77

What are some characteristics of gender-based oppression?