Deck 14: Managing the Past

Question 1

Which types of resources are the human-made and natural features associated with human activity?

A) cultural
B) social
C) physical
D) biological

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Efforts to protect American antiquities go back to as long ago as which congressional act, which was aimed at controlling a lucrative trade in painted pots from Southwestern pueblos?

A) Graves Act of 1932
B) Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960
C) Historical Preservation Act of 1966
D) Antiquities Act of 1906

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids the government from seizing private property for public use without just compensation. What privately funded organization was formed in the early 1980s to purchase threatened archaeological sites on private land, with the effect of simultaneously protecting constitutional rights and archaeological sites?

A) National Archaeological Data Base
B) Archaeological Conservancy
C) National Register of Historic Places
D) Hopewell Mound group

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The process of identifying, assessing, and managing archaeological resources is made up of three phases that reflect increasing levels of archaeological fieldwork and research. These phases include all of the following EXCEPT

A) identification and preliminary assessment.
B) assessing significance.
C) surface survey and limited subsurface testing.
D) management plans and mitigation.

Question 5

Which congressional act authorized archaeologists to dig and salvage sites that were in danger of destruction as a result of federally owned and funded dam projects.?

A) Graves Act of 1932
B) Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960
C) Historical Preservation Act of 1966
D) Antiquities Act of 1906

Question 6

Which action may include changing the design of a building so that it avoids archaeological resources or involve the total excavation of sites, or portions of sites, that cannot be preserved, with the aim of recovering as much information as possible?

A) preservation
B) restoration
C) mitigation
D) historical preservation

Question 7

The very nature of which type of work means a heavy emphasis on survey and limited excavation, or basically descriptive investigations that are aimed at satisfying compliance requirements?

A) CRM
B) mitigation
C) preservation
D) surface survey

Question 8

The only viable way to identify and document rapidly vanishing archaeological resources in North America today is through

A) methodological strategies.
B) surveys and mitigation recommendations.
C) major intellectual advances.
D) CRM archaeology.

Question 9

What is the fourth dimension of landscape?

A) depth
B) horizontal distance
C) vertical distances between structures such as terraces
D) time

Question 10

Geomorphology-the study of the development of ancient landscapes-has helped archaeologists do all of the following EXCEPT

A) better understand the development of ancient landscapes.
B) locate and evaluate deeply buried sites.
C) provide full financing for archaeological digs.
D) develop maps of landforms so that cultural resource potential can be assessed.

Question 11

The first challenge to effective CRM is identifying sites before they are

A) excavated.
B) affected.
C) historically designated.
D) described or published.

Question 12

Excavation units that are deeper than which limit must be shored up to ensure the safety of workers?

A) 4 to 5 feet
B) 7 to 8 feet
C) 6 to 8 feet
D) 4 to 8 feet

Question 13

Archaeologists of which type lead their colleagues in the use of high-technology remote-sensing devices, computer-based data collection, and data management systems?

A) academic
B) forensic
C) CRM
D) historical

Question 14

Organizations such as the Register of Professional Archaeologists and the American Cultural Resources Association have stringent guidelines for research, as well as for archaeologists'

A) memberships.
B) rules.
C) professional responsibilities.
D) legislative activities.

Question 15

Any archaeologist with a telephone line or an electronic mail system can now access which database, which also provides comprehensive site distribution from many states and background environmental information through the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS)?

A) National Archaeological Data Base
B) Archaeological Data Base
C) U.S. Park Service Internal Archaeological Data Base (USPSIADB)
D) Historical Archive

Question 16

The management, storage, and conservation of artifacts and other data recovered in the course of archaeological activities is called

A) restoration.
B) mitigation.
C) preservation.
D) curation.

Question 17

Making archaeological data available to as wide an audience of archaeologists as can use the data is the essence of

A) curation.
B) preservation.
C) publishing.
D) managing.

Question 18

The views of which group regarding what sites should be preserved, how archaeological research should be conducted, and the ways in which archaeological remains should be treated are often dramatically different from the views of archaeologists?

A) historians
B) Native Americans
C) the public
D) the government

Question 19

A myriad of activities-for example, museum workshops for children, run by archaeological societies and museums; the publication of leaflets and Web pages summarizing new work; and superb public outreach programs run by cities-are encompassed by which type of archaeology?

A) private
B) historical
C) CRM
D) public

Question 20

Cultural tourism poses serious problems for archaeology, owing to overcrowding and

A) damage done by visitors.
B) a controlled environment.
C) federal legislation.
D) large-scale field and laboratory research.

Question 21

Explain what drives the United States' efforts for Cultural Resource Management (CRM) policies? What does legislation to protect the past say about us and our needs as people? Why do we not protect archaeological sites on private property?

Question 22

Discuss the differences inherent in archaeological management versus archaeological research. Is one superior to the other? Defend your argument.

Question 23

What are the major challenges to properly performing CRM?

Question 24

Why are Native Americans integrated into CRM?

Question 25

Archaeological tourism is big business today. Is this good or bad? Defend both sides of the argument.