Deck 3: Society and Culture Before the Europeans

Question 1

Which of the following is associated with band societies?

A) coercive power
B) monumental architecture
C) domestication
D) egalitarian

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is not an example of a tribal society?

A) Kayapo
B) Inca
C) Jívaro
D) Yanömamo

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following characteristics are associated with state societies except:

A) irrigated fields
B) pastoralism
C) political inequality
D) raised platform agriculture

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following was not a common transformation that occurred during thArchaic Period?

A) a reliance on a narrow resource base
B) a rise in population
C) the emergence of pottery
D) incipient agriculture

Question 5

Which of the following is an accurate statement?

A) There is now considerable evidence that early plant domestication occurred in lowland areas in Latin America.
B) Because of constant flooding, early plant domestication could not have occurred in lowland areas of South America.
C) Low-lying tropical environments have not generated any early plant domesticated in Latin America.
D) All early plant domestication began in the mountainous areas of Mexico and South America.

Question 6

All of the following are typical arguments in the "geographical bias" against thlowland tropics as centers of agriculture except:

A) ancient organic materials are difficult to preserve
B) researchers have discovered anthropogenic soils
C) edible plants and animals are scattered over the landscape
D) soils are weathered and leached

Question 7

"Sedentary lifestyles indicated by permanent settlements, the rise of large populatiosettlements, intensive forms of agricultural production, and the presence of large and powerful chiefdom societies" describes what phase in the prehistory of Latin America and the Caribbean?

A) Formative
B) Paleo-Indian
C) Horizon
D) Archaic

Question 8

The Caribbean area was settled by migratory waves from what primary region?

A) Amazonian region
B) Mexican region
C) Orinoco region
D) Patagonian region

Question 9

All of the following are examples of Formative period development except:

A) Inca
B) Olmec
C) Chavin
D) Tiwanaku

Question 10

What is the single most significant development associated with the Horizon phasof development?

A) introduction of agriculture
B) rise of large-scale, regional states
C) European conquest
D) emergence of pottery

Question 11

Recent research on the Maya now suggests that:

A) all Maya kingdoms suddenly collapsed throughout the area
B) soils associated with the Maya agricultural areas show no evidence of intensification
C) Maya population was not as high as originally projected
D) there was not a general collapse of all Maya kingdoms

Question 12

Which of the following represent core social units within Andean anMesoamerican polities?

A) Arawak/Carib
B) taino/várzea
C) ayllu/calpulli
D) chinampa/band

Question 13

What is the most significant source of our contemporary knowledge about thsocial, cultural, and political worlds of the Andes and Mesoamerica prior to the European Conquest?

A) ethnographic analogy
B) ethnohistorical documents
C) matrilineal descent
D) participant observation

Question 14

All of the following are controversies surrounding the peopling of the Americaexcept:

A) how did they migrate across the Americas?
B) who were they?
C) was their cultural impact significant?
D) how did they arrive ?

Question 15

The primary sources of the "big game specialization theory" include:

A) gender bias, evident kill sites, early research in North America
B) migration patterns in the Caribbean, evident kill sites
C) gender bias, migration patterns across Beringia, early lowland research
D) lack of foraging resources, mode of entry, skeletal remains

Question 16

The Ona Indians of southern Patagonia are an example of a tribal society.

Question 17

In Latin America, big-game hunting was never as important as in North America.

Question 18

The Archaic Period was between 11,000 and 3,500 years ago.

Question 19

Primary state formation is when a first-generation state evolves within a context onon-state societies.

Question 20

There were no true chiefdoms present in Latin American prehistory.

Question 21

Some Amazonian chiefdoms were so large and complex that they resembled statsocieties.

Question 22

Some Andean ayllu have survived until the present day.

Question 23

The Bering Straight can no longer be navigated today.

Question 24

The vast majority of Native Americans show some linguistic and genetic relation tAsian/Siberian peoples.

Question 25

The primary theory for the peopling of the Americas is the theory of big gamspecialization and migration based on big-game hunting.

Question 26

Define cultural complexity.

Question 27

What are the four broad phases of prehistory associated with Latin America and thCaribbean?

Question 28

Describe the characteristics of the Horizon phase of development.

Question 29

What is a "chinampa"?

Question 30

What are the "major dimensions" of Mesoamerican religion?

Question 31

Compare and contrast bands and tribes.

Question 32

What is "ethnographic analogy," and what role did it play in the "geographical biasagainst lowland areas of Latin America as centers of agriculture and development?

Question 33

What is the practice of "split inheritance" and how did it contribute to statdevelopment in the Andes?