Deck 29: Human Biology

Question 1

The most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell is the _________.

A) protein
B) DNA
C) hormone
D) glucose

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

The cell "engines" are the _________________.

A) ribosomes
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) nucleoli

Answer 2

mitochondria

Question 3

The __________ is the basic functional unit of all plants and animals.

A) DNA
B) cell
C) macromolecule
D) lipid

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

Meiosis is the process of cell division for ___________ cells.

A) muscle
B) skin
C) somatic
D) genetic

Question 5

The only principal molecules in the body which are simple molecules are __________ molecules.

A) carbohydrate
B) water
C) lipid
D) protein

Question 6

The two major parts of the cell are the nucleus and the ________________.

A) mitochondria
B) cell wall
C) nucleolus
D) cytoplasm

Question 7

The metabolic process of building large molecules from smaller ones is called ______________.

A) synthesis
B) catabolism
C) anabolism
D) homeostasis

Question 8

The process of cell meiosis results in cells with _______ chromosomes each.

A) 22
B) 23
C) 46
D) 48

Question 9

Any chromosome damage induced by radiation could be seen during the __________.

A) metaphase
B) telophase
C) anaphase
D) prophase

Question 10

The human body is composed of about 80% ______________.

A) carbohydrates
B) protein
C) nucleic acids
D) water

Question 11

A codon is a _______________.

A) protein molecule
B) cell organelle
C) genetic message
D) somatic cell

Question 12

The ______________ in the body provide fuel for cell metabolism.

A) protein
B) water
C) carbohydrates
D) hormones

Question 13

During the ______ phase of cell life, each DNA molecule is replicated into two identical daughter DNA molecules.

A) G1
B) G2
C) M
D) S

Question 14

The endocrine glands produce ____________.

A) hormones
B) lipids
C) antigens
D) glycerol

Question 15

DNA is located in the ____________ of the cell.

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) wall
D) Both A and B

Question 16

The ______________ have the function of cleaning contaminants from the cell.

A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) ribosomes
D) chromatids

Question 17

A cell is in _____________ when it is not undergoing mitosis or meiosis.

A) prophase
B) anaphase
C) interphase
D) telophase

Question 18

All the hereditary information about an individual is contained in the _______ cells.

A) germ
B) brain
C) blood
D) skin

Question 19

The _______________ in the cell are nucleic acids.

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) lipids
D) Both A and B

Question 20

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is located primarily in the _________________.

A) cytoplasm
B) nucleus
C) cell wall
D) ribosomes

Question 21

Lymphoid tissue begins to atrophy at what amount of radiation dose?

A) 5 Gy
B) 2 Gy
C) 10 Gy
D) 30 Gy

Question 22

One of the most radiosensitive tissues in the body is ____________ tissue.

A) spinal
B) muscle
C) lymphoid
D) thyroid

Question 23

Before cells mature, they are called ________________ cells.

A) stem
B) precursor
C) undifferentiated
D) All of the above

Question 24

Most of the tissue in the average human body is composed of _______________.

A) blood
B) skin
C) muscle
D) fat

Question 25

The tissue in the _____________ is more radiosensitive than ___________ tissue.

A) bone marrow, skin
B) brain, cornea
C) muscle, gonadal
D) brain, lymphoid