Deck 31: Molecular Radiobiology

Question 1

The principal radiation interaction within the human body is with _____________.

A) DNA
B) macromolecules
C) water
D) RNA

Answer 1

water

Question 2

DNA is contained in the __________________ of the cell nucleus.

A) proteins
B) cytoplasm
C) chromosomes
D) RNA

Answer 2

chromosomes

Question 3

Two OH* free radicals can join to form __________________ molecules.

A) organic free radical
B) hydroperoxyl
C) hydrogen peroxide
D) DNA

Answer 3

hydrogen peroxide

Question 4

A type of DNA damage that may not be reversible is a _________________.

A) cross-linking
B) base change or loss
C) rung breakage
D) severed side rail

Question 5

Free radicals can be damaging because they are _______________________.

A) unstable
B) highly reactive
C) radioactive
D) Both A and B

Question 6

If a macromolecule has (a) _____________, it will break down into smaller molecules.

A) main-chain scission
B) point lesion
C) cross-linking
D) point mutation

Question 7

The most radiosensitive macromolecule is ___________.

A) protein
B) DNA
C) mRNA
D) tRNA

Question 8

The disassociation of water molecules following irradiation is termed _____________.

A) radiolysis
B) ionization
C) cross-linking
D) point mutation

Question 9

Ionizing events from irradiation are considered to be direct effects if they occur with ___________ molecules.

A) water
B) DNA
C) protein
D) Both A and B

Question 10

In vitro irradiation of macromolecules causes ___________ damage to macromolecules.

A) repairable
B) reversible
C) irreversible
D) Both A and B

Question 11

When an atom of water is irradiated it first dissociates into _________________.

A) two water atoms
B) an ion pair
C) free radicals
D) hydrogen peroxide

Question 12

The principal radiation interactions within the human body are assumed to be ________________.

A) indirect effects
B) direct effects
C) DNA damage
D) cell destruction

Question 13

Radiation damage to DNA can result in _________________.

A) cell death
B) malignant disease
C) genetic changes
D) Any of the above

Question 14

Molecular lesions of DNA are called ________________.

A) point mutations
B) broken side rails
C) cross-linking
D) rung breaks

Question 15

An indirect effect from ionizing radiation occurs on a ___________ molecule.

A) target
B) DNA
C) water
D) free radical