Deck 5: Clinical Preventioncommunity and Population Health

Question 1

Summarize the concepts of clinical prevention and population health as defined by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN).

Answer 1

As defined by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), clinical prevention comprises health promotion and risk reduction/illness prevention for individuals and families. Population health is defined to include aggregate, community, environmental/occupational, and cultural/ socioeconomic dimensions of health. Aggregates are groups of individuals defined by a shared characteristic such as gender, diagnosis, or age. These framing definitions are endorsed by representatives of multiple disciplines including nursing.

Question 2

To determine the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the United States, the nurse practitioner (NP) student must obtain which data?

A) The speed at which tuberculosis is occurring among individuals in the United States
B) The number of new cases of tuberculosis in the United States in the past year
C) The fraction of the United States population that is affected by tuberculosis
D) The percentage of tuberculosis-related deaths in the United States over the past year

Answer 2

The number of new cases of tuberculosis in the United States in the past year

Question 3

Explain the epidemiological triangle.

Answer 3

Understanding illness and disease requires the NP to be aware first of the natural history of disease and the epidemiological triangle. As described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), when considering the course of infectious diseases, this triad proposes that infections result from the interaction of agent, host, and environment. Transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host.

Question 4

The nurse practitioner (NP) student is discussing a virus that significantly impacts the global population. Which term does the nurse practitioner use to describe the virus?

A) Disease outbreak
B) Pandemic
C) Global illness
D) Epidemic

Question 5

Explain the relationship between population, community, and phenomenological community.

Question 6

The nurse practitioner (NP) is providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with obesity and osteoarthritis. When implementing secondary prevention strategies, which intervention does the NP include in the patient's care?

A) Discussing low-impact exercise
B) Providing education about proper nutrition
C) Screening for type 2 diabetes
D) Prescribing an anti-inflammatory medication

Question 7

In the global approach to reducing HIV infection, which intervention represents a tertiary prevention strategy?

A) Ensuring early detection of new cases of HIV
B) Providing prompt treatment of the patient who is diagnosed with HIV
C) Protecting the patient diagnosed with HIV against opportunistic infections
D) Reducing the incidence of HIV transmission

Question 8

The nurse practitioner (NP) is planning strategies to prevent HIV among a population of college students. To implement primary prevention, which strategy does the NP include in the plan?

A) Increasing fellow providers' knowledge about signs of acute retroviral infection
B) Requiring students to complete counseling prior to undergoing HIV testing
C) Completing continuing education about HIV/AIDS
D) Providing students with pre-exposure prophylaxis

Question 9

Summarize the responsibility of nurse practitioner (NP) with regard to reporting emergent illness and untimely or unexplained deaths.

Question 10

Describe the application of syndromic surveillance to identify potential biological terrorism.

Question 11

Identify three priority issues for improving health in your community.

Question 12

Describe the incidence and prevalence of a disease monitored in your state.

Question 13

Discuss each of the three prevention levels as it pertains to the disease you chose.

Question 14

Imagine starting your own clinical practice where you are able to practice to the full extent of your scope of practice.
a. What population would you be providing care for, and why?
b. What are three measures for evaluating improved health outcomes for your chosen population?

Question 15

Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, draft a program plan and an evaluation of a health need.