Deck 4: The City in Everyday Life

Question 1

The text points out that we use our knowledge of our social structure to create social categories: People categorize, classify, and draw on knowledge of statuses and roles. This process is referred to as __________ ordering.

A) spatial
B) appearential
C) categorical
D) functional

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The text points out that the segregation of economic activities is accompanied by the segregation of people: Neighborhoods are segregated by income, race, and ethnicity, along with factors like lifestyle and stage in life cycle. This process is referred to as __________ ordering.

A) latent
B) categorical
C) spatial
D) appearential

Answer 2

C

Question 3

__________ was one of the first to explore the process by which we develop mental maps of the city, created a vocabulary to describe a city's spatial elements, and how people put these elements together to create mental maps.

A) Kevin Lynch
B) Lyn Lofland
C) Robert Putnam
D) James Kunstler

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the vocabulary of the physical realm of the city, a __________ is a place where paths and edges converge.

A) district
B) landmark
C) neighborhood
D) node

Question 5

In her research, Lyn Lofland discovered three types of social realms. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) private
B) parochial
C) physical
D) public

Question 6

The social interaction of the face black and defended neighborhood makes up what Lyn Lofland calls the __________ realm.

A) private
B) parochial
C) physical
D) public

Question 7

Streets in the central business district, the train and bus stations, and parks are all part of what Lyn Lofland calls the __________ realm.

A) private
B) parochial
C) physical
D) public

Question 8

Lyn Lofland identified five rules for navigating the public realm. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) cooperative motility
B) civil inattention
C) unbridled helpfulness
D) audience role prominence

Question 9

Robert Putnam uses __________ as a metaphor for community.

A) bowling
B) baseball
C) football
D) hockey

Question 10

Lyn Lofland identified the constellation of relationships that takes place in the public realm. Which of the following is the most common type of interaction?

A) quasi-primary
B) intimate-secondary
C) tertiary
D) fleeting

Question 11

Jane Jacobs shows how the key to safety in cities is

A) the informal social control that comes from mixed land use.
B) formal social control.
C) neighborhood watch groups.
D) public awareness.

Question 12

By studying the Near North End of Boston, Massachusetts, Jane Jacobs discovered three elements that are needed for safe streets and neighborhoods. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A) a clear demarcation between public, parochial, and private spaces
B) eyes on the street all the time
C) an elaborate police force
D) busy sidewalks and public places

Question 13

The text identifies a number of important changes in the urban fringe that have contributed to much higher crime rates. Which of the following is NOT one of these changes?

A) low-density residential, retail, and commercial construction
B) the explosion in the number of American households and a change in household composition
C) a lulled sense of safety
D) the influx of minority groups

Question 14

Lawrence Cohen's and Marcus Felson's opportunity theory suggests that three things must be present for crime to occur. Which of the following is NOT one of these things?

A) a market economy
B) motivated criminals
C) suitable targets
D) an absence of effective guardians

Question 15

The combination of appearential and spatial ordering of the public realm is a total solution to the urban-based problem of dealing with strangers.

Question 16

James Kuntsler (The Geography of Nowhere) sees the building of suburbia as a constructive and helpful development.

Question 17

The text points out that a lot of good and bad is associated with the rise of Wal- Mart, which is now the largest corporation in the United States.

Question 18

Overall, crime rates have increased throughout the 1990s

Question 19

The text observes that in contemporary American society, we no longer have a single central city, but a multi-nucleated metropolis.

Question 20

Based on the text's discussion, explain the application of appearential and spatial ordering to strangers.

Question 21

Based on the work of Lyn Lofland, list and briefly discuss the five most important rules for navigating the public realm.

Question 22

Compare and contrast the implications of formal and informal social control in reference to contemporary urban society. Why is informal control so important?