Deck 2: The Empirical Basis to the Psychology of Criminal Conduct

Question 1

A covariate of criminal behavior suggests

A) a causal relationship
B)that the variable is associated with criminal behavior
C) a functional relationship
D) the control of behavior
E) both a and c

Answer 1

that the variable is associated with criminal behavior

Question 2

A quantitative summary of a research topic is referred to as a

A) research review
B) qualitative summary
C)meta-analysis
D) Pearson correlation review
E) critical analysis

Answer 2

meta-analysis

Question 3

Causal factors

A) when changed, are followed by changes in criminal conduct
B) fail to tell us about directionality
C) require experimental designs
D)both a and c
E) all of the above

Answer 3

both a and c

Question 4

Which research design provides knowledge of dynamic predictors?

A) extreme groups
B) survey
C) longitudinal
D) test-retest
E)multi-wave longitudinal designs

Question 5

The statistic that represents the degree of relationship between two sets of numbers is called the

A)Pearson correlation coefficient
B) mode
C) student's t-test
D) numerical covariate
E) standard score

Question 6

Researchers find that adolescents with low IQ will report more delinquent acts than high IQ adolescents. The researchers may report this finding as

A) r = +.26
B)r = -.14
C) z = +1.0
D) z = -.50
E) t = -.34

Question 7

The practical significance of dynamic predictors is that they

A) are easily measured
B)identify need factors
C) are resistant to treatment
D) are poor risk factors
E) focus on the changing economic conditions

Question 8

The following research design provides knowledge of dynamic predictors:

A) extreme groups
B) survey
C) longitudinal
D) test-retest
E)multi-wave longitudinal designs

Question 9

The recidivism rate is 70 percent in the higher risk group and 30 percent in the lower risk group. The correlation between assessed risk and recidivism is

A) low
B) moderate
C) high
D).40
E) .35

Question 10

A fictional study finds that 70 percent of criminals and 40 percent of noncriminals had tattoos. The approximate correlation between tattoos and criminal status is

A) 0.70
B) 0.30
C) -0.70
D) -0.30
E) 0.40

Question 11

A Pearson product correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of

A) significance
B)the magnitude of the association
C) mediating influence
D) the representativeness of the sample
E) probability

Question 12

A 95 percent CI of .24 to .36 means that

A) there is a 5 percent chance that the findings are wrong
B) the findings are statistically significant at p = .05
C)if the study is replicated there is a 95 percent chance that the new confidence intervals will fall between .24 and .36
D) there is a 95 percent chance that if the study was repeated the point estimate will fall within the range of the specified CI
E) the results are not meaningful because the CI is greater than 10 points

Question 13

When two CIs do not overlap it means that

A)there is a significant difference between the findings
B) there is no significant difference between the findings
C) the findings are unlikely to be replicated
D) the p level is greater than .05
E) the study needs to be replicated

Question 14

The Area Under the Curve (AUC)

A)is always positive in value
B)is unaffected by base rates
C)is unaffected by selection rations
D)both b and c
E)all of the above