Deck 9: International Law and the Search for Justice

Question 1

In April 2012, the international court convicted _________________, the former president of ______________.

A) Mulatu Teshome; Ethiopia
B) Robert Mugabe; Zimbabwe
C) Charles G. Taylor; Liberia
D) Joyce Banda; Malawi

Answer 1

Charles G. Taylor; Liberia

Question 2

Within the legal system hierarchical structures exist for ____________.

A) making law
B) enforcing law
C) interpreting law
D) intercepting law

Answer 2

making law

Question 3

Ideas about __________ restrain the pursuit of power in domestic systems.

A) behavior
B) competency
C) legitimacy
D) justice

Answer 3

justice

Question 4

Different countries may have varying conceptions of what is right and just because of their ___________.

A) access to information
B) cultural and historical experiences
C) economy
D) UN membership

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely not a matter that demands international regulation?

A) political asylum
B) worker's right
C) diplomatic immunity
D) presidential elections

Question 6

The current international legal system falls toward the _______ end of the evolutionary scale of legal systems.

A) sophisticated
B) modern
C) primitive
D) middle

Question 7

According to the chapter, the world's most general debate arena is _________.

A) the congress
B) the UN General Assembly
C) the internet
D) the media

Question 8

Within the international system most war criminals are ____________.

A) cooperative
B) unpunished
C) judged
D) litigated

Question 9

The international system of law is rooted in all these customs except for _______________.

A) Ancient Jewish
B) Ancient Greek
C) Ancient Bantu
D) Ancient Roman

Question 10

International law as we know it today primarily developed from the ideas and practices of ___________.

A) Arabic civilization
B) Western civilization
C) Eastern civilization
D) Middle Eastern civilization

Question 11

According to the chapter, ___________ wasthe first scholar of international law.

A) Hugo Grotius
B) John Selden
C) Francisco de Vitoria
D) Alfonso de Castro

Question 12

Globalization has significantly expanded the need for rules to govern functional areas in all the following except ________________.

A) nationalism
B) communication
C) finance
D) trade

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of norm building around global business practices?

A) Global Strategy Group
B) Global Network for Advanced Management
C) UN Global Compact
D) Global Environmental Fund

Question 14

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties entered into force in __________________.

A) 1985
B) 1988
C) 1980
D) 1983

Question 15

All of the following could be considered as "low politics" except for _________________.

A) trade
B) national security
C) diplomatic rule
D) communication

Question 16

All of these are critical considerations for international law, except for ________________.

A) the philosophical roots of law.
B) the ways in which international laws are made.
C) the forms in which legal disputes are decided.
D) the place in which the secretariat should be located.

Question 17

The special tribunal that dealt with the former President of Liberia Charles Taylor's war crimes was established by ____________.

A) the African Union
B) the International Court of Justice
C) the Liberian government
D) the UN Security Council

Question 18

The judicial decisions of a country are used mainly ____________.

A) to make laws
B) to interpret the law
C) to verify decrees
D) to enforce the law

Question 19

Which of the following is not a source of law that the international legal community officiallyrecognizes?

A) international conventions or treaties, whether general or particular
B) the teaching of the most highly qualified writers and scholars
C) parliamentary debates
D) general principles of laws, recognized by civilized nations

Question 20

____________ are the primary source of international law.

A) International treaties
B) Judicial decisions
C) Scholarly writings
D) cabinet briefings

Question 21

Philosopher _______ argued in Two Treatises of Government (1690) that there is "a law of nature" that underpins law in any form.

A) Francisco Suárez
B) John Locke
C) René Descartes
D) Damaris Cudworth Masham

Question 22

The norm that states must carry out the treaties that they sign and ratify is reflected in the___________

A) pacta sunt servanda
B) cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad infernos
C) ad hominem
D) animus contrahendi

Question 23

According to current international law,territorial waters extend ___________ from the shore.

A) 20 miles
B) 10 miles
C) 12 miles
D) 15 miles

Question 24

The doctrine that grants most diplomats freedom from prosecution for certain crimes while working abroad is known as ____________.

A) diplomatic pardoning
B) diplomatic immunity
C) diplomatic affairs
D) foreign service

Question 25

Which of the following is an example in which international customs exist or influence domestic legal practices?

A) U.S. Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
B) U.S. Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (1973)
C) U.S. Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
D) U.S. Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Question 26

Which of the following best explains the ancient Roman concept of jus gentium as an essential concept in international law?

A) the law of peoples
B) for the people by the people
C) contractual intent
D) for the sake of argument

Question 27

According to the chapter, in the UK Brexit debate, many argued that the European Court of Justice (ECJ)________________________.

A) should play a strong role in political and bureaucratic decisions
B) should be strengthening
C) breached national sovereignty
D) should be dissolved

Question 28

Approximately _________ of the world's countries have ratified the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)

A) 75%
B) 95%
C) 86%
D) 59%

Question 29

According to the chapter ____________ is the only country in the world to execute people for crimes committed as a child.

A) North Korea
B) Russia
C) The United States
D) Venezuela

Question 30

International law is most effective in governing ________________.

A) state actors
B) high politics
C) low politics
D) Intergovernmental organizations

Question 31

According to the chapter __________.

A) states comply with most international law half of the time
B) states comply with most international law most of the time
C) states do not comply with most international law most of the time
D) states comply with international law three-thirds of the time

Question 32

After World War II, a select number of German and Japanese military leaders were tried and convicted at the _____________ and ___________ tribunals.

A) Berlin; Kawasaki
B) Hamburg; Yokohama
C) Munich; Osaka
D) Nuremberg; Tokyo

Question 33

Which of the following best explains the order to which a primitive legal system develops?

A) 1) adjudication; 2) arbitration by neutral parties; 3) bargaining between adversaries; 4) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties
B) 1) bargaining between adversaries; 2) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties; 3) adjudication; 4) arbitration by neutral parties
C) 1) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties; 2) adjudication; 3) arbitration by neutral parties; 4) bargaining between adversaries
D) 1) arbitration by neutral parties; 2) bargaining between adversaries; 3) mediation/conciliation by neutral parties; 4) adjudication

Question 34

What year did NATO intervene in Kosovo?

A) 1999
B) 1995
C) 2001
D) 2003

Question 35

The UN-authorized military action against Iraq in ______________.

A) 2001
B) 1991
C) 2003
D) 1999

Question 36

The origin of international courts could be traced back to the establishment of the __________________.

A) International Court of Justice (ICJ)
B) International Criminal Court (ICC)
C) Permanent Court of International Arbitration
D) UN Security Council

Question 37

From 1946 through 2005, the International Court of Justice averaged only about ______ new cases annually.

A) two
B) ten
C) five
D) eight

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the optional clause as it relates to the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

A) it is optional for member states to be subjected to the ICJ's jurisdiction
B) member states can choose when to be subjected to the ICJ's jurisdiction
C) the optional clause means that the ICJ must seek permission from sovereign states before a dispute
D) member states must agree to be subject to the ICJ's compulsory jurisdiction

Question 39

About ________of all countries have not signed the optional clause.

A) one-fifth
B) two-thirds
C) half
D) one-quarter

Question 40

Which of the following countries withdrew consent from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1984?

A) The U.S.
B) Nicaragua
C) China
D) Russia

Question 41

___________ is an example of a successful exercise of jurisprudence by a hybrid (national/international) court.

A) The International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)
B) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
C) The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
D) The Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone

Question 42

Which of the following countries did not fund the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone (STSL)?

A) Canada
B) The Netherlands
C) Gambia
D) United Kingdom

Question 43

Western view of law is based on a shared ____________ tradition.

A) Judeo-Christian
B) Islamic
C) Confucius
D) Hindu

Question 44

An example of international legal controversy that criticizes the Western legal system for prioritizing process over equity concerns would be:

A) Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and Nuclear Disarmament (the Marshall Islands vs. the United Kingdom).
B) Questions relating to the Seizure and Detention of Certain Documents and Data (Timor-Leste vs. Australia).
C) Questions concerning patents held by Western pharmaceutical firms vs. willingness by developing countries to produce low-cost generic equivalents.
D) The legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium).

Question 45

Which philosopher wrote The Prince?

A) David Hume
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Niccolò Machiavelli
D) René Descartes

Question 46

Jus ad bellum refers to _________________________________.

A) conduct during war
B) the justice of outcomes after war
C) making peace during war
D) the decision to go to war

Question 47

On the Law of War and Peace was written by _________________________.

A) Antonio Negri
B) Michel Foucault
C) Hugo Grotius
D) Niccolò Machiavelli

Question 48

Which of the following is not a feature of international law?

A) Falls toward the primitive end of the evolutionary scale of legal systems.
B) Formal rule-making (legislative) process.
C) Little established authority to judge or punish violations of law.
D) Resolutions are not legally binding for states.

Question 49

Those who discount international law contend ______________.

A) there will eventually be less international law as society progresses
B) international law only exists because of globalization
C) it exists only in theory, not in practice
D) states mostly don't accept and obey international law

Question 50

Compliance with international law is ______________.

A) strictly enforced through coercion
B) mostly voluntary rather than based on coercion
C) has no form of coercion
D) is up to the nation-states

Question 51

All of the following promote compliance except for ________________.

A) reputation
B) imperialism
C) credibility
D) socialization

Question 52

_____________ are the centralized enforcement of international law.

A) Tribunals and courts
B) The UN General Assembly
C) The UN Security Council
D) Secretariats

Question 53

Which the following is not a regional court?

A) The Asian Court of Justice
B) The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
C) The Central American Court of Justice
D) The Community Tribunal of the Economic Community of West African States

Question 54

In 2004, the ICJ found that ________ had breached its obligations to the Vienna Convention with regards to ___________ citizens on death row.

A) North Korea; South Korean
B) Ethiopia; Eritrean
C) the U.S.; Mexican
D) Saudi Arabia; Yemen

Question 55

b) The naturalist school of law notes that ______________________.

A) humans, by nature, have certain rights and obligations
B) the environment is important to the law
C) science is the most important element in implementing the law
D) the law should focus on human being returning to nature

Question 56

Which of the following is not a central tenant of the ideological/theological school of law?

A) politics
B) ethnicity
C) cultural identity
D) economic wealth

Question 57

After an absence of nearly 50 years, international tribunals reemerged in the ___________.

A) 1980s
B) 2010s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s

Question 58

The Rwandan genocide took place over a period of roughly ________in the______________.

A) 120 days; winter 1992
B) 100 days; spring of 1994
C) 150 days; summer of 1993
D) 200 days, fall of 1995

Question 59

The main perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide were ______________.

A) Hutu extremists
B) Tutsi extremists
C) Twa extremists
D) Banyarwanda extremists

Question 60

In Bosnia, Serbian forces executed more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys in a matter of days in _________ in 1995.

A) Sarajevo
B) Mostar
C) Srebrenica
D) Biha?

Question 61

Before drawing to a close in 2017, the ICTYindicted ___________ individuals as war criminals, convicting __________ of them.

A) 161 individuals; 90
B) 210 individuals; 110
C) 231 individuals; 193
D) 101 individuals; 77

Question 62

Laws that reflect society and the way people want that society to operate would fall under the __________.

A) Positivist school of law
B) The ideological/theological school of law
C) The International school of law
D) The naturalist school of law

Question 63

The most important trial conducted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was that of __________________.

A) Slobodan Miloševi?
B) Mehmed Alagi?
C) Rahim Ademi
D) Mirko Babi?

Question 64

The ______________was the first international criminal court since World War II to punish heads of government.

A) International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
B) the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)
C) International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
D) the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)

Question 65

According to the chapter, rape and forced impregnation emerged as a major strategic weapon of war in which of the following places?

A) Venezuela
B) Ghana
C) Rwanda
D) Cuba

Question 66

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)was located in _________________.

A) Arusha, Tanzania
B) Kigali, Rwanda
C) Nairobi, Kenya
D) Cape Town, South Africa

Question 67

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in ____________.

A) Belgrade, Serbia
B) London, U.K.
C) Paris, France
D) The Hague, the Netherlands

Question 68

Which head of state plead guilty to genocide in 1998 and was sentenced to life in prison?

A) former Rwandan Prime Minister, Jean Kambanda
B) former President of Yugoslavia, Slobodan Miloševi?
C) former President of Liberia, Charles Taylor
D) former President of Sudan, Omar al-Bashir

Question 69

Which of these journalists was sentenced to 12 years in prison for inciting genocide in Rwanda?

A) Charles Ingabire
B) Jean-Léonard Rugambage
C) Georges Henry Joseph Ruggiu
D) André Sibomana

Question 70

The Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone (STSL) was established in 2002 in _____________.

A) Freetown, Liberia
B) Dakar, Senegal
C) Monrovia, Sierra Leone
D) Conakry, Guinea

Question 71

Which of these countries is not a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court?

A) Uruguay
B) The U.S.
C) Japan
D) Afghanistan

Question 72

As of 2019, there are ___________ official investigations open by the International Criminal Court (ICC)

A) 21
B) 11
C) 27
D) 19

Question 73

With examples, reflect on global and domestic systems, as explained in the chapter.

Question 74

In 100 words, describe international law.

Question 75

Reflect on the term adjudication in global politics.

Question 76

In 100 words, describe the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone.

Question 77

Reflect on the legitimacy and effectiveness of international law.

Question 78

Describe the philosophical foundation of law and its implications.

Question 79

In 100 words, describe critical aspects of the positivist school of law. What arguments do its advocates and critics make?

Question 80

Describe how international law is made and international bodies involved in the process.