Deck 8: Pursuing Security

Question 1

The founder of North Korea was _________________.

A) Kim Hyong-jik
B) Kim Il-Sung
C) Kim Jong-il
D) Kim Jong-nam

Answer 1

Kim Il-Sung

Question 2

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea invaded South Korea in ____________.

A) 1948
B) 1950
C) 1955
D) 1958

Answer 2

1950

Question 3

North Korea possesses the ____________ conventional army in the world.

A) second largest
B) sixth largest
C) third largest
D) fifth largest

Answer 3

fifth largest

Question 4

The traditional approach to security emphasizes the primacy of the __________________.

A) organizations
B) nation-state
C) United Nations
D) leaders

Question 5

Social theorist ___________ described security as an "essentially contested concept".

A) Jane Addams
B) W. B. Gallie
C) Peter L. Berger
D) Roland Barthes

Question 6

National security in its traditional sense has become synonymous with attaining and amassing ____________.

A) political power
B) military power
C) economic power
D) diplomatic power

Question 7

According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), in 2018 the world spent about __________on military arms.

A) 2.4 trillion
B) 1 trillion
C) $1.8 trillion
D) 2 trillion

Question 8

In 2018 the U.S. national defense budget accounted for _________ of total global defense spending.

A) 36%
B) 41%
C) 28%
D) 45%

Question 9

According to the first Secretary-General of the United Nations _____________ "wars occur because people prepare for conflict, rather than for peace."

A) Gladwyn Jebb
B) Dag Hammarskjöld
C) Kurt Waldheim
D) Trygve Lie

Question 10

____________, as a security logic, is when the state seeks to preserve and protect itself by any and all means necessary.

A) Alea iacta est
B) Carte blanche
C) Magna Carta
D) Acta non verba

Question 11

A central assumption of the ______________ system is that no central global authority exists to maintain order and ensure justice.

A) Holy Roman Empire
B) Arabic civilization
C) Byzantine Empire
D) Westphalian

Question 12

In recent years Japan's foreign policies have shifted toward _________ and ______________.

A) projecting strength; increasing military capabilities
B) multilateralism; alliance formation
C) self-reliance; normal nationalism
D) diplomacy; peace building

Question 13

Which of the following is not a feature of the security dilemma?

A) absence of reliable information flow between states
B) the armed race between states
C) the protracted conflict between states
D) interactions among IGOs

Question 14

________________ is a situation where states misinterpret largely defensive actions and capabilities by other states as threats.

A) Bad intelligence
B) Security dilemma
C) Militarism
D) Diversion

Question 15

According to ____________, states must assume and act according to "worst-case scenario" possibilities.

A) Robert Jervis
B) John Mearsheimer
C) David Heather
D) John Ikenberry

Question 16

In his1983 article entitled "Redefining Security", _______________ called to attention to issues such as environmental security.

A) Richard Ullman
B) Ludwig Trepl
C) Hugh C. Dyer
D) Richard Grove

Question 17

_____________ called for the need to rethink the concept of security as a global development that includes resource, environmental, and demographic issues.

A) Ken Booth
B) John Vogler
C) Mark Imber
D) Jessica Tuchman Mathews

Question 18

During the _____________, many IR scholars and policymakers began to challenge traditional assumptions about security and the centrality of the state.

A) 1990s
B) 1980s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 19

After the Cold War, the _____________ approach to security became increasing unsatisfactory.

A) traditional liberalist
B) traditional constructivist
C) traditional realist
D) traditional feminist

Question 20

According to political scientist ______________, security is embedded in the interaction of localizing and globalizing forces.

A) Von Hippel
B) Heather David
C) Koen De Ceuster
D) James Rosenau

Question 21

The __________ developed a theory of securitization, which critically evaluates how security threats are identified and prioritized across various dimensions such as military, political, social, economic, environmental.

A) Copenhagen School
B) the Paris School
C) Aberystwyth School
D) National War College

Question 22

The U.S. Department of Defense's first report on climate change as a security threat was published in ___________.

A) 1990
B) 2003
C) 1994
D) 2000

Question 23

Climate change was famously labeled by __________ as the "mother of all security problems."

A) The New Yorker
B) National Geographic
C) Time magazine
D) Fortune magazine

Question 24

Security of the individual within the global context of intrastate violence, civilian casualties, and human rights violations was the focal point of both scholars and policymakers in the _____________.

A) 1990s
B) 2000s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 25

Which of the following most closely adheres to the Copenhagen School's focus on securitization?

A) liberal approaches to security studies
B) realist approaches to security studies
C) feminist and gender-focused approaches to security studies
D) world system approaches to security studies

Question 26

In 2018 the estimated value of transfer agreements in major arms worldwide was approximately _________.

A) $90 billion
B) $125 billion
C) $70 billion
D) $65 billion

Question 27

One of the earliest statements concerning human security appeared in the ____________________.

A) 1995 UN Report on Poverty
B) World Development Report 1990: Poverty
C) UN's 1994 Human Development Report
D) 1987 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future

Question 28

______________, a prominent Canadian politician, supports human security logic because it puts people first and recognizes that their safety is integral to the promotion and maintenance of international peace and security

A) Pierre Trudeau
B) Jagmeet Singh
C) Lloyd Axworthy
D) Kim Campbel

Question 29

The chapter references three types of freedom as it relates to an important UN Report. Which one of the following was not highlighted?

A) freedom of speech
B) freedom from want
C) freedom from fear
D) freedom to take action on one's own behalf

Question 30

Which of these countries is not one of the five leading arms exporters?

A) Russia
B) France
C) Germany
D) Brazil

Question 31

It is estimated that close to ___________ of arms sales go to developing nations.

A) 55%
B) 60%
C) 40%
D) 48%

Question 32

For the period of 2014-2018, ___________ was the world leading exporter of arms.

A) Brazil
B) The United States
C) Russia
D) China

Question 33

Arms control advocates argue that ________________.

A) there should be a better trading mechanism for arms globally.
B) profits from global arms should be evenly distributed.
C) a decline in the number and power of weapons systems will ease political tensions.
D) if every state has enough arms, then global security will be better.

Question 34

The two bilateral Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START I and II) are important arms control treaties between_____________.

A) the U.S. and Russia
B) China and the UK
C) Canada and Mexico
D) Germany and France

Question 35

All of these are attempts at controlling arms except for ______________.

A) numerical restrictions
B) deployment restrictions
C) geographic restrictions
D) disbarment restrictions

Question 36

Which of these treaties fall under the categorical restrictions?

A) Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
B) Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America
C) the Convention on Cluster Munitions
D) the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

Question 37

The Small Arms Survey (2011) estimated that civilian conflict deaths due to small arms and light weapons ranges from _______ each year.

A) 30-50%
B) 50-70%
C) 40-80%
D) 60-90%

Question 38

India's drive to acquire nuclear weapons in the 1970s was a reaction in part due to the nuclear arms of ________.

A) Iran
B) China
C) Pakistan
D) Russia

Question 39

_____________ is a controversial term to describe states that are perceived to be in noncompliance with the majority of prevailing rules, norms, and laws in the global system.

A) Ineffective state
B) Least developing state
C) Rogue state
D) Marginalized state

Question 40

In the Odyssey, _________ claims that "the blade itself incites to violence."

A) Protagoras
B) Socrates
C) Plato
D) Homer

Question 41

In discussing arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union, ______________ famously said trust, but verify.

A) Harry Truman
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Richard Nixon
D) Ronald Reagan

Question 42

Which of these agencies is tasked for on-site inspections on arms control?

A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
B) Amnesty International
C) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
D) Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC)

Question 43

__________refers to an arrangement that often generates strong domestic opposition to arms control.

A) Triad
B) Defense diplomacy
C) Military-industrial complex
D) Military apparatus

Question 44

The ___________ between the Clinton Administration and Kim Jong-Il would have bound North Korea to abandon its weapons program.

A) U.S. North Korea Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
B) The Nuclear Weapon Treaty
C) Framework Agreement
D) U.S. North Korea Partnership

Question 45

Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty in _______________.

A) 2000
B) 1998
C) 2003
D) 1990

Question 46

Which of these countries was not a part of the "Six Party Talks" to deal with North Korea's nuclear weapon delivery capabilities?

A) U.S.
B) Russia
C) India
D) Japan

Question 47

A realist would argue that arms sales among countries would __________________.

A) create more trust among countries
B) help create stabilizing balances of power among states
C) help creates a hegemonic power among state
D) solve economic downfall of countries

Question 48

____________ is any effort to control or contain an ongoing conflict between politically motivated actors operating at the state or sub-state level.

A) Conflict Management
B) Conflict Resolution
C) Conflict Deliberation
D) Conflict Regulation

Question 49

Which of the following is not a part of the idea of collective security?

A) The global community understands a state's national interest should always supersede the interest of the international community.
B) Armed aggression is an unacceptable form of international political behavior.
C) The provision of security (including the prevention and reversal of acts of aggression) is the duty of all actors in the global political system
D) An act of aggression against a member with good standing in the international community is an act of aggression against all.

Question 50

Which of the following is not typically the role of peacekeeping operations?

A) to monitor ceasefires
B) maintain buffer zones,
C) facilitate security
D) capture valuable resources

Question 51

Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of peacekeeping?

A) impartiality
B) hold or acquire territory
C) limited reliance on coercive force
D) consent from the combatants

Question 52

North Korea announced its nuclear weapons capability _______ after they withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.

A) one year
B) three years
C) two years
D) one and half-years

Question 53

Which of the following was not a peace enforcement mission?

A) Operation Urgent Fury
B) Australian-led International Force for East Timor
C) Operation Allied Force in Kosovo
D) United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Question 54

Which chapter of the UN Charter was invoked by the UN Security Council in September 2003 to authorize the UN Mission in Liberia?

A) Chapter VI
B) Chapter VII
C) Chapter V
D) IV

Question 55

The term "peace enforcement" was popularized by Former UN Secretary-General _________________.

A) Ban Ki-moon
B) Kofi Annan
C) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
D) Javier Pérez de Cuéllar

Question 56

The Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (Sweden) outlined only _________ wholly inter-state conflicts in 2017.

A) five
B) two
C) ten
D) one

Question 57

The UN Transitional Administration in East Timor took place in _____________.

A) 1995
B) 2001
C) 1999
D) 1997

Question 58

All of these are aspects of the new security environment except for _____________.

A) shifting rules
B) emerging actors
C) bipolarity
D) intensifying threats

Question 59

The Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (Sweden) estimated that there were ___________ active armed conflicts in 2017.

A) 49
B) 40
C) 55
D) 60

Question 60

The state's diminished role in the contemporary security arena is underscored by all the following except for _______________.

A) the impact of multinational corporations
B) inter-state conflicts
C) transnational terrorist networks
D) paramilitaries

Question 61

Which of the following is a goal of conflict management?

A) to find middle ground on a conflict
B) to promote democracy in conflict areas
C) to deny the utility of aggression
D) to provide restorative justice

Question 62

In 1993, Huntington described the new security environment post-Cold War as ____________________.

A) the end of history
B) a multipolar balance of power within the global system
C) a clash of civilizations
D) a new world disorder

Question 63

The dark side of interdependence within the new security environment framework refers to _______________.

A) the recognition of new or previously overlooked sources of insecurity
B) the global system constantly being in a state of anarchy
C) the distrust form cooperating among states
D) states usually working to pursue their self-interests

Question 64

In 1945 during World War II the atomic bomb was dropped over ________ and __________.

A) Osaka; Kobe
B) Hiroshima; Nagasaki
C) Nagoya; Sapporo
D) Fukuoka; Kyoto

Question 65

North America first experienced biological warfare in ____________.

A) 1750
B) 1780
C) 1763
D) 1793

Question 66

In 1346 the ____________ used biological weapons as a tool of war in Kaffa, a Genoese trading outpost in the Crimea.

A) Mongol army
B) Tartar army
C) Volga Bulgaria army
D) Novgorod Republic army

Question 67

The ________ Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) bans the production, possession, and use of germ-based biological weapons.

A) 1980
B) 1972
C) 1983
D) 1967

Question 68

When President Trump threatened North Korea in August 2017 with "fire and fury like the world has never seen", he was articulating the _____________.

A) mutually assured destruction logic
B) the nationalist logic
C) the superpower logic
D) nuclear utilization theory

Question 69

The containment doctrine was a key strategy of mutually assured destruction advanced by____________.

A) George F. Kennan
B) Irving Kristol
C) Yale Richmond
D) Seymour Martin Lipset

Question 70

The "poor man's atomic bomb" is used to describe ______________.

A) biological weapons
B) suicide boomers
C) chemical weapons
D) radiative weapons

Question 71

The ability and willingness to destroy enemy weapons before the weapons explode on one's own territory and forces is supported by _____________.

A) the containment doctrine
B) the nuclear utilization theory
C) The non-proliferation and disarmament logic
D) the political hawk logic

Question 72

What is the security dilemma?

Question 73

Explain the concept of wagoning.

Question 74

In 100 words, explain balance of power politics.

Question 75

Describe and give examples of rogue states.

Question 76

Explain the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P).

Question 77

Describe and explain the idea of collective security.

Question 78

Explain the term conflict management as a security strategy/approach.

Question 79

Explain the importance of peacekeeping missions.

Question 80

Is state sovereignty in decline?