Deck 2: The Evolution of International Relations

Question 1

The Peace of Westphalia increased the power of

A) National rulers.
B) The Roman Catholic Church.
C) Local leaders within countries.
D) The Ottoman Empire.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Adam Smith, international trade

A) Did not truly begin until the eighteenth century.
B) Should occur only with allied states.
C) Weakened all states who participated.
D) Could increase a state's power without going to war.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The French Revolution

A) Reinforced the mechanisms of the Westphalian system.
B) Called for republics with elected representatives.
C) Was started and led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
D) Confined its actions within the borders of France.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What ultimately led to Napoleon's defeat?

A) Lack of knowledge about European geography.
B) An inability to invade Prussia.
C) An alliance of major European powers.
D) Lack of support among the French populace.

Question 5

The creation of the Concert of Europe was sparked by

A) The increasing power of Prussia.
B) The French Revolution and Napoleon's empire.
C) A desire to promote republicanism in Europe.
D) A need to regulate the competition for colonies.

Question 6

How many "great powers" were part of the Concert of Europe?

A) Four.
B) Five.
C) Six.
D) Seven.

Question 7

This country practiced "brilliant isolationism" in the nineteenth century by frequently shifting alliances.

A) Japan.
B) France.
C) Prussia.
D) United Kingdom.

Question 8

Which of the following regions was NOT a major destination for African slaves?

A) Europe
B) South America.
C) Central America.
D) North America.

Question 9

Which of the following could BEST be described as a polyethnic empire in the nineteenth century?

A) Austria.
B) France.
C) Prussia.
D) Spain.

Question 10

The final impetus for the unification of Germany came with its defeat of this country in war:

A) Russia.
B) Denmark.
C) Sweden.
D) France.

Question 11

Which of the following countries was the LAST to become a significant colonial power?

A) Germany.
B) France.
C) Spain.
D) Portugal.

Question 12

In which of the following years did a non-European power defeat a major European power in war?

A) 1815.
B) 1856.
C) 1861.
D) 1905.

Question 13

At the outset of the Great War, Germany felt it was in its best interest to

A) Call for an international peace conference.
B) Encourage Austria to declare war on Britain.
C) Declare war on both France and Russia.
D) Declare its neutrality and call for negotiations.

Question 14

This was NOT one of the Central Powers in the Great War:

A) Spain.
B) Germany.
C) Austria-Hungary.
D) Ottoman Empire.

Question 15

What were the expectations of the Allied Powers at the start of the Great War?

A) They felt they would likely lose.
B) They felt that the outcome was uncertain.
C) They felt the war would be long, but that they would prevail.
D) They felt they would achieve a quick victory.

Question 16

The Great War started because of a dispute between:

A) Germany and France.
B) Serbia and Austria-Hungary.
C) Russia and Germany.
D) Austria-Hungary and Germany.

Question 17

Which country withdrew from the Great War after a 1917 revolution?

A) Russia.
B) Italy.
C) Austria.
D) France.

Question 18

The Versailles Treaty

A) Required Germany to pay reparations to Great Britain and France.
B) Restored Austria-Hungary's possessions in Central Europe.
C) Called for decolonization across the globe.
D) Required Germany to join the League of Nations.

Question 19

Which of the following terms BEST characterizes Germany in 1920?

A) Hopeful.
B) Resurgent.
C) Humiliated.
D) Expansive.

Question 20

Which country did the MOST to contain Germany in the interwar years?

A) France.
B) Great Britain.
C) United States.
D) Italy.

Question 21

Of the following countries, which is MOST associated with appeasing Germany prior to the Second World War?

A) Czechoslovakia.
B) Italy.
C) France.
D) Great Britain.

Question 22

In 1939 the Western powers were shocked to see a treaty between these two countries:

A) Austria and Germany.
B) Germany and the Soviet Union.
C) Germany and Italy.
D) Spain and Portugal.

Question 23

Which country set up the Vichy regime in support of Germany during the Second World War?

A) France.
B) Poland.
C) Italy.
D) Spain.

Question 24

During the initial stage of the Second World War (1939-1940), Hitler felt it was MOST important to concentrate his efforts on occupying territory in

A) Eastern Europe.
B) Southern Europe.
C) Western Europe.
D) Britain's overseas colonies.

Question 25

In the 1930s, Japanese militarism was first turned on this country/colony:

A) United States.
B) Indonesia.
C) China.
D) The Philippines.

Question 26

This country was NOT one of the Axis powers:

A) Spain.
B) Italy.
C) Germany.
D) Japan.

Question 27

In 1940, Germany occupied all of the following countries, EXCEPT

A) Norway.
B) Sweden.
C) France.
D) Belgium.

Question 28

In 1941 Hitler made the big mistake of invading

A) Poland.
B) Norway.
C) The Soviet Union.
D) France.

Question 29

Where did German forces suffer their first significant defeat?

A) Soviet Union.
B) Yugoslavia.
C) North Africa.
D) Italy.

Question 30

Which ethnic groups were MOST targeted by Hitler?

A) Norwegians and Danes.
B) Slavs and Jews.
C) French and British.
D) Greeks and Turks.

Question 31

Leaders of which three countries met at Yalta in 1945?

A) Italy, Germany, Japan.
B) United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain
C) Germany, United States, Great Britain
D) Great Britain, Germany, Italy

Question 32

The study of the start of the Cold War includes particular focus on the psychological dispositions of this leader:

A) Roosevelt.
B) Truman.
C) Mao.
D) Stalin.

Question 33

Stalin reacted to American assertiveness by

A) Creating buffer states in Eastern Europe.
B) Calling for a strong United Nations.
C) Accepting Marshall Plan aid money.
D) Initiating the call to create NATO.

Question 34

Of the four countries occupying Germany after the Second World War, which looted its zone of occupation?

A) United States.
B) France.
C) Soviet Union.
D) Britain.

Question 35

Initially, containment was applied in this region:

A) Europe.
B) Africa.
C) Latin America.
D) Asia.

Question 36

The Marshall Plan

A) Was applied throughout the world.
B) Was designed to rebuild European economies.
C) Was supported by the Soviet Union.
D) Was paid for by the United Nations.

Question 37

Which of the following countries was a NATO member in 1950?

A) Finland.
B) Bulgaria.
C) Britain.
D) Egypt.

Question 38

Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet-led alliance in Eastern Europe?

A) Greece.
B) Poland.
C) Hungary.
D) Czechoslovakia.

Question 39

Mao Zedong led the successful communist revolution in this country:

A) Korea.
B) Vietnam.
C) China.
D) Japan.

Question 40

This country provided major military support to North Korea near the beginning of the Korean War:

A) Soviet Union.
B) South Korea.
C) China.
D) United States.

Question 41

In 1954 the United States overthrew a pro-socialist government in:

A) Italy.
B) Guatemala.
C) Vietnam.
D) Dominican Republic.

Question 42

For nearly 30 years a wall in ________ symbolized the Cold War.

A) Prague.
B) Berlin.
C) Warsaw.
D) Seoul.

Question 43

Decolonization in the 1950s was NOT prominent in this region:

A) The Middle East.
B) Africa.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) Latin America.

Question 44

Most scholars feel that the Vietnam War

A) Could have been won with the help of other Southeast Asian countries.
B) Should have had greater involvement from NATO allies.
C) Was definitely in the national interest of the United States.
D) Was not winnable for the United States.

Question 45

Chinese modernization and an opening up to the West began

A) Shortly after the Communist revolution in 1949.
B) Shortly after the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.
C) Shortly after Mao Zedong died in 1976.
D) Shortly after the Cold War ended.

Question 46

In 1979, the Soviet Union sent troops to support a leftist government in

A) Afghanistan.
B) Bulgaria.
C) Ecuador.
D) Tunisia.

Question 47

Of the following people, which one was MOST responsible for initiating the changes that led to the end of the Cold War?

A) Deng Xiaoping.
B) Ronald Reagan.
C) George H.W. Bush.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 48

Which country or group of countries assumed the international legal responsibilities of the Soviet Union after 1991?

A) United Nations.
B) Ukraine.
C) Russian Federation.
D) NATO.

Question 49

The Gulf War (1990-1991) was brought about by Iraq's invasion of

A) Kuwait.
B) Iran.
C) Turkey.
D) Syria.

Question 50

In the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks, the United States occupied

A) Iraq.
B) Syria.
C) Afghanistan.
D) Iran.

Question 51

Which president attempted a "reset" with Russia?

A) Clinton.
B) George W. Bush.
C) Obama.
D) Trump.

Question 52

What were the key components of the Treaty of Westphalia?

Question 53

What were the main goals of the French Revolution?

Question 54

What countries did Napoleon conquer?

Question 55

Who were the "great powers" in the Concert of Europe?

Question 56

Define "imperialism" and "colonialism" and describe the connections between the two concepts.

Question 57

What were the key goals of the revolutions of 1848?

Question 58

What was the Congress or Berlin (1884) and why was it important?

Question 59

List the key members of the Central Powers and the Allied Powers.

Question 60

What event precipitated the outbreak of the Great War?

Question 61

What are the main characteristics of fascism?

Question 62

What does the term "appeasement" mean and why is it relevant to the outbreak of the Second World War?

Question 63

Why could 1939-1940 be considered successful years for the German war effort?

Question 64

Briefly describe two big mistakes Hitler made during the Second World War.

Question 65

Which two ethnic groups were targeted for murder by Hitler?

Question 66

Define "containment."

Question 67

What is NATO and why was it formed?

Question 68

Why was the building of the Berlin Wall so significant?

Question 69

Define "détente."

Question 70

Who was Deng Xiaoping and why was he important?

Question 71

Why did the Soviet Union send troops to Afghanistan in 1979?

Question 72

List at least three accomplishments of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 73

What were at least two actions taken by the United States in the "global war on terror"?

Question 74

How did industrialization and the creation of new military technologies affect international relations in Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

Question 75

Write an essay about the impact of nationalism on international relations from the French Revolution to the outbreak of the Second World War.

Question 76

What was the "scramble for Africa" and why was it potentially destabilizing to the Concert of Europe?

Question 77

Write an essay about key events in Germany's foreign policy from its reunification to its initiation of the Second World War.

Question 78

What factors led to the victory of the Allied Powers in the Great War?

Question 79

What were the key provisions of the Versailles Treaty and how did they sow the seeds of the Second World War?

Question 80

What are the main characteristics of fascism? What factors explain its success in Italy and Germany in the interwar years?