Deck 7: Muscular System

Question 1

Short periods of strenuous exercise that require anaerobic mechanisms to replenish ATP result in an accumulation of pyruvic acid molecules,which may lead to muscle soreness.

Answer 1

False
It is lactic acid that accumulates.

Question 2

The muscle fibers of a skeletal muscle are arranged in small groups or bundles called

A) motor units
B) fasciculi
C) sarcomeres
D) myofibrils
E) synergists

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The primary action at the knee when you kick a ball comes from the hamstring muscles.

Answer 3

False
The primary action is extension which comes from the quadriceps femoris group.

Question 4

Which of these functions pertain to muscle contraction?
1)produce movement
2)maintain posture
3)produce heat

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1 and 2
E) 1, 2, and 3

Question 5

Actin and myosin shorten,or contract,when a muscle contracts.

Question 6

Muscles that compress the abdominal wall include the external oblique and internal oblique.

Question 7

The long-term energy source for endurance exercise,such as a marathon,comes from glucose and fatty acids.

Question 8

The A band on a muscle fiber becomes shorter when the fiber contracts.

Question 9

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

Question 10

An aponeurosis is a

A) broad sheet of connective tissue at the edge of a wide muscle
B) type of anxiety defect in the nervous system
C) type of landmark found in many flat bones
D) layer of muscle between or outside of body cavities
E) layer of epithelium between muscle bundles

Question 11

A skeletal muscle

A) is covered by cartilage
B) is composed of cardiac muscle tissue
C) normally has a very poor blood supply and heals slowly
D) has its insertion on a relatively movable part of the skeleton
E) normally contracts involuntarily

Question 12

The more stable end of a muscle is the insertion.

Question 13

A stimulus that exceeds threshold causes a greater than normal contraction of a muscle fiber.

Question 14

Skeletal muscle cells

A) have a single nucleus
B) have branching fibers
C) have cross striations
D) are spindle-shaped or have tapered ends
E) have intercalated disks

Question 15

The sternocleidomastoid muscle allows you to flex your head and lower your chin to your chest.

Question 16

The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or extension is called

A) excitability
B) elasticity
C) extension
D) tetanus
E) irritability

Question 17

The entire skeletal muscle is covered by connective tissue called

A) perimysium
B) epimysium
C) endomysium
D) fasciculomysium
E) perichondrium

Question 18

The origin of a skeletal muscle

A) is the more stable end of attachment
B) causes movement when the muscle contracts
C) is a thin band of hyaline cartilage
D) is the endomysium
E) is attached to a bone by an aponeurosis

Question 19

From the given list of characteristics,which pertain to skeletal muscle cells?
1)cylindrical
2)branching
3)striations
4)many nuclei
5)intercalated disks
6)central nucleus
7)nucleus next to cell membrane

A) 1, 3, 5, and 7
B) 1, 3, 4, and 7
C) 2, 3, 5, and 6
D) 3, 4, 5, and 7
E) 3, 5, 6, and 7

Question 20

The ability of muscle tissue to shorten or decrease in length is called

A) excitability
B) elasticity
C) contractility
D) extensibility
E) irritability

Question 21

The dark bands or striations where you find myosin in a muscle fiber are the _____ bands.

A) H
B) A
C) I
D) Z and M

Question 22

A motor unit is

A) a fascicle of muscle fibers
B) a whole muscle plus all the nerve fibers that innervate it
C) capable of a graded response
D) a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
E) all the muscle fibers required to perform a specific action

Question 23

The number of muscle fibers in a motor unit is

A) dependent on the size of the individual
B) fewer in muscles where precise control is needed
C) fewer in muscles that maintain posture
D) greater in muscles that move the fingers
E) the same for all muscles

Question 24

Which statement is INCORRECT?

A) During muscle, contraction actin and myosin always stay the same length.
B) A stimulated neuron releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.
C) Acetylcholine is inactivated by acetylcholinesterase.
D) Removal of acetylcholine causes the muscle fiber to contract.
E) Action of acetylcholine at receptor sites stimulates the muscle fiber.

Question 25

The neuromuscular junction

A) is the region where a nerve penetrates a muscle fiber
B) is the region where the synaptic knob, or axon terminal, meets the sarcolemma
C) consists of the synaptic knob and synaptic cleft
D) is a thickened region on the sarcolemma where cholinesterase is produced

Question 26

All of the following are true about a contracting muscle fiber as compared to a relaxed muscle fiber EXCEPT the _____ in a contracting fiber.

A) I bands are shorter
B) A bands are shorter
C) H zones are shorter
D) sarcomere is shorter
E) Z lines are closer together

Question 27

What is the correct sequence for the following events at the neuromuscular junction?
1)Impulse travels along sarcolemma to the T-tubules.
2)Nerve impulse reaches axon terminal.
3)Neurotransmitter reacts with receptors on sarcolemma.
4)Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft.

A) 1, 2, 4, 3
B) 2, 4, 3, 1
C) 2, 1, 4, 3
D) 4, 3, 2, 1
E) 3, 2, 4, 1

Question 28

The minimum stimulus needed to cause contraction is a _____ stimulus.

A) subliminal
B) subthreshold
C) contraction
D) threshold
E) maximal

Question 29

The portion of a sarcomere that is composed of thin myofilaments ONLY is the

A) H band
B) A band
C) I band
D) Z line

Question 30

Oxygen for the production of ATP in muscle contraction is brought to the muscle by the

A) blood in the blood vessels
B) lymph in the lymph vessels
C) neurons in the nerves
D) plasma in the interstitial fluid
E) calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

The chemical transmitter at the neuromuscular junction is

A) calcium
B) cholinesterase
C) acetylcholine
D) adrenaline

Question 32

A skeletal muscle fiber has many threadlike contractile elements in the sarcoplasm.These elements are called

A) myofibers
B) myofilaments
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoskeleton
E) striations

Question 33

The sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction involves

A) collagen fibers sliding along actin filaments
B) myosin filaments sliding along collagen fibers
C) actin filaments sliding along myosin filaments
D) elastin fibers sliding along myosin filaments
E) myosin filaments becoming shorter and sliding along the actin

Question 34

An ion that is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and required for muscle contraction is

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) acetylcholine
D) calcium
E) oxygen

Question 35

The contractile unit of a muscle fiber lies between two successive Z lines and is called

A) the sarcoplasm
B) the sarcolemma
C) a myofilament
D) a sarcomere

Question 36

A muscle fiber that receives a threshold stimulus

A) does not contract
B) contracts partially
C) contracts completely
D) exhibits a graded response
E) is an example of treppe

Question 37

Muscle contraction requires ATP and the production of this ATP requires

A) an absence of carbon dioxide
B) the presence of adequate carbon dioxide supply
C) an absence of oxygen
D) the presence of adequate oxygen supply

Question 38

Which of the following is INCORRECT about myofilaments?

A) Myofilaments are composed of the proteins actin and myosin.
B) Thick myofilaments are composed of myosin.
C) Actin and myosin decrease in length during muscle contraction.
D) Thin myofilaments are composed of actin.
E) Myofilaments change position during muscle contraction.

Question 39

A skeletal muscle

A) contracts spontaneously to maintain muscle tone
B) has to receive a stimulus from a motor neuron in order to contract
C) contracts automatically whether or not there is nerve stimulation
D) is capable of contracting automatically but contracts faster and more efficiently if there is a stimulus

Question 40

What is the correct sequence for the following events of muscle contraction?
1)Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
2)Power stroke pulls actin toward center of A band.
3)Impulse travels into the T-tubules.
4)Energized myosin heads attach to actin.
5)Calcium reacts with troponin and exposes binding sites on actin.

A) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
B) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
C) 1, 5, 4, 2, 3
D) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1
E) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1

Question 41

Which of the following would you expect to be the primary function of a group of muscles in the leg called the adductors?

A) to pull the leg in toward the midline of the body
B) to swing the leg out to the side
C) to raise the leg in front of the body
D) to pull the leg back behind the body
E) to raise the body up on tiptoe

Question 42

A word that means "partition through a space" is

A) actin
B) diaphragm
C) synergist
D) deltoid
E) tetany

Question 43

Two muscles of mastication,or chewing,are the

A) orbicularis oris and buccinator
B) masseter and temporalis
C) orbicularis oris and masseter
D) temporalis and buccinator
E) zygomaticus and orbicularis oris

Question 44

Bending the head backwards or moving the upper arm behind the vertical plane of the body are examples of

A) flexion
B) extension
C) protraction
D) eversion
E) hyperextension

Question 45

A muscle that acts with others to produce a movement not possible by one muscle acting alone is called a(n)

A) synergist
B) antagonist
C) synostosis
D) fixator
E) agonist

Question 46

A high energy compound that supplies the energy and phosphate to restore ATP from ADP in muscle is

A) fatty acid
B) glucose
C) creatine phosphate
D) pyruvic acid
E) lactic acid

Question 47

When stronger muscle contraction is needed to lift a heavy weight

A) additional motor units are activated to provide greater contraction strength for the whole muscle
B) each muscle fiber has greater contraction strength
C) treppe provides stronger fiber contraction
D) the greater stimulus activates multiple wave summation
E) increased muscle tone provides greater contraction strength

Question 48

The muscle that flexes the neck so the chin drops is the

A) pectoralis major
B) masseter
C) sternocleidomastoid
D) trapezius
E) deltoid

Question 49

Contraction that increases muscle tone but does not produce movement is called

A) tetany
B) isotonic
C) treppe
D) twitch
E) isometric

Question 50

The muscle over the shoulder that abducts the arm is the

A) brachialis
B) biceps brachii
C) deltoid
D) trapezius
E) triceps brachii

Question 51

Sitting in the lotus position entails sitting with the legs crossed and each foot resting upon the thigh of the opposite leg with the soles of the feet upward.The movements necessary for this posture include:

A) adduction at the hip, flexion at the knee, and eversion of the foot
B) flexion at the hip, extension at the knee, and dorsiflexion of the foot
C) abduction at the hip, flexion at the knee, and inversion of the foot
D) extension at the hip, extension at the knee, and inversion of the foot
E) extension at the hip, flexion at the knee, and plantar flexion of the foot

Question 52

Muscles that compress the abdominal wall include the

A) erector spinae and diaphragm
B) diaphragm and external intercostals
C) rectus abdominis and diaphragm
D) internal oblique and rectus abdominis
E) diaphragm and transversus abdominis

Question 53

The muscle that allows you to stand on tiptoe is the

A) tibialis anterior
B) semimembranosus
C) tensor fasciae latae
D) biceps femoris
E) gastrocnemius

Question 54

The muscle group that flexes the leg at the knee is the

A) quadriceps femoris
B) gluteus muscles
C) tibialis anterior
D) hamstrings
E) iliopsoas

Question 55

The word root that means "triangle" is

A) dia-
B) metr-
C) delt-
D) duct-
E) myo-

Question 56

Oxygen debt occurs as a result of the accumulation of

A) lactic acid
B) pyruvic acid
C) creatine phosphate
D) glucose
E) citric acid

Question 57

Within a muscle group,the muscle that has the main action is a(n)

A) synergist
B) antagonist
C) prime mover
D) oppositionist
E) fixator

Question 58

The muscle feature indicated by the name rectus abdominis is

A) action
B) size
C) shape
D) direction of fibers
E) origin and insertion

Question 59

The compound that accumulates as a result of anaerobic respiration for short-term,but vigorous,activity is

A) pyruvic acid
B) lactic acid
C) creatine phosphate
D) myoglobin
E) citric acid

Question 60

The initial energy for muscle contraction comes from

A) creatine phosphate in the sarcoplasm
B) fatty acids and glucose in the muscle cell
C) oxygen supplied by the blood vessels
D) ATP stored on the myosin heads
E) myoglobin in the muscle cell

Question 61

What is the term for the type of movement between leg and foot when you stand on tiptoes?

Question 62

What is the term for the type of muscle contraction in which a muscle shortens and movement is produced?

Question 63

What is the term for the type of movement at the elbow when you place your fingers on your shoulder?

Question 64

What are the two muscles that form the calf of the leg?

Question 65

What is the function of skeletal muscle tissue in addition to movement and posture?

Question 66

What is the term for the molecule within a muscle cell that replenishes the ATP used in contraction?

Question 67

What is the term for the muscle that has an action that is opposite that of a prime mover?

Question 68

What is the term for the muscle that is the prime mover when you extend your forearm to receive a gift?

Question 69

What is the term for the protein in thick myofilaments?

Question 70

What are the two superficial muscles of mastication?

Question 71

What is the term for the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

Question 72

What is the term for the functional unit of a muscle fiber,from Z line to Z line?

Question 73

What is the term for the broad flat sheet of tendon?

Question 74

What is the term for the superficial chest muscle that adducts the brachium?

Question 75

What is the term for a single neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervate?