Deck 14: Youth Involvement in Systems of Sex Work and Strategies of Intervention

Question 1

The Nordic Model is an approach to legislating sex trade activities by ________.

A) criminalizing the demand side
B) criminalizing the supply side
C) decriminalizing prostitution
D) legalizing prostitution
E) None of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sexual exploitation or the abuse of children and youth is a process by which sexual activity is in exchange for all of the following except ________.

A) money
B) drugs
C) basic needs
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the "demand side" prohibition model referred to as?

A) Conservative model
B) Nordic model
C) American model
D) Canadian model
E) None of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The "demand side" prohibition model is also referred to as the Nordic Model as it originated in which country?

A) Sweden
B) Finland
C) Norway
D) Ireland
E) Canada

Question 5

Which of the following does the term Youth in Care in Canada refer to?

A) Youth who are within the Criminal Justice System
B) Youth who are within the Child Welfare System
C) Youth who are within the Child Exploitation System
D) Youth who are within a Witness Protection System
E) None of the above

Question 6

To provide a snapshot of the ways in which Canadian media shapes terminology regarding sex trade involved youth, Saewyc, Hilario, Matthews, Rivers, Hirakata and Miller (2013) analyzed 853 Canadian newspaper articles from 1989-2008 and found that sexually exploited adolescents were commonly described as children or the more casual or patronizing, kids in approximately what percentage of media articles?

A) 22 per cent
B) 35 per cent
C) 46 per cent
D) 60 per cent
E) 80 per cent

Question 7

Survival sex is the exchange of sexual services for ________.

A) food
B) shelter
C) money
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 8

Although it is often difficult to estimate how many youth are involved in the sex trade industry, Goldenberg et al. report that ________ per cent of sex workers initiate sex work as adolescents.

A) 5 to 10
B) 10 to 20
C) 20 to 40
D) 30 to 50
E) 40 to 60

Question 9

A landmark study in Vancouver estimated that on any given night there were thirty to forty youth working the street and the average age of entry was approximately ________ for girls and ________ for males.

A) 16; 15
B) 12; 13
C) 15; 16
D) 16; 17
E) 14; 17

Question 10

Benoit and Shaver (2006) report that males make up ________ per cent of the sex trade industry.

A) 5 to 10
B) 10 to 25
C) 20 to 30
D) 25 to 40
E) more than 50

Question 11

In Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada" approximately what percentage of those interviewed identified themselves as Indigenous?

A) 21 per cent
B) 35 per cent
C) 45 per cent
D) 50 per cent
E) 61 per cent

Question 12

In Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada" what percentage of those interviewed completed high school?

A) 15 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 35 per cent
D) 45 per cent
E) 55 per cent

Question 13

In Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada" what percentage of the respondents had been sexually abused prior to their involvement in the sex trade?

A) 25 per cent
B) 45 per cent
C) 55 per cent
D) 65 per cent
E) 75 per cent

Question 14

Someone who is straight for pay is a person who ________.

A) is homosexual but who, in order to survive, will work in the sexual exploitation trade as a heterosexual
B) is heterosexual but who, in order to survive, will work in the sex trade as a homosexual
C) crosses gender roles in one way or another, including as a transsexual, drag queen, or transvestite
D) is bisexual and works in the sex trade industry
E) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the three most commonly cited uses of money obtained through sex trade?

A) Survival (food and shelter)
B) Drugs and alcohol
C) The pursuit of a glamorous lifestyle
D) To pay a debt
E) None of the above

Question 16

What is the term used to talk about experiences of living on the street or in emergency shelters?

A) Relative homelessness
B) Absolute homelessness
C) Virtual homelessness
D) Comparative homelessness
E) None of the above

Question 17

What is the term used to refer to experiences of being housed but at risk of losing housing or living in substandard housing?

A) Relative homelessness
B) Absolute homelessness
C) Virtual homelessness
D) Comparative homelessness
E) None of the above

Question 18

In McIntyre's (2009) research what percentage of respondents indicated that they experienced a bad date?

A) 30 per cent
B) 50 per cent
C) 60 per cent
D) 70 per cent
E) 80 per cent

Question 19

In 1988, Bill C-15 was introduced as new legislation to ________.

A) criminalize the sexual procurement of youth
B) protect victims of child sexual abuse
C) raise the number of prosecutions of child sexual abuse
D) increase the severity of sentences
E) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the three primary types of services for youth involved in the SET in Canada?

A) Mandated services
B) Specialized services
C) Non-governmental services
D) Governmental services
E) All of the above are services

Question 21

It is estimated that over ________ children and youth are involved with child protection authorities annually in Canada.

A) 30,000
B) 70,000
C) 140,000
D) 200,000
E) 300,000

Question 22

Phase One (i-EXIT) of the RESET Society program in Calgary provides which of the following?

A) Immediate safe housing and supports
B) 9 to 12 months of comprehensive, individualized, wraparound life skills
C) 9 to 12 months of comprehensive group therapy services
D) An individually tailored combination of employment skills development, and training, support in returning to school
E) None of the above

Question 23

Phase Two of the RESET Society program in Calgary provides which of the following?

A) Immediate safe housing and supports
B) 9 to 12 months of comprehensive, individualized, wraparound life skills
C) 9 to 12 months of comprehensive group therapy services
D) An individually tailored combination of employment skills development, and training, support in returning to school
E) None of the above

Question 24

Phase Three of the RESET Society program in Calgary provides which of the following?

A) Immediate safe housing and supports
B) 9 to 12 months of comprehensive, individualized, wraparound life skills
C) 9 to 12 months of comprehensive group therapy services
D) An individually tailored combination of employment skills development, and training, support in returning to school
E) None of the above

Question 25

According to MacLaurin and Worthington (2012), a runaway is a youth is ________.

A) a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least one night
B) a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least three nights
C) a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least one week
D) a youth who leaves his or her place of residence without permission and is absent for at least one month
E) None of the above

Question 26

Child welfare is a term used to describe a set of government and private services designed to protect children and encourage family stability.

Question 27

Youth in care refers to children and youth involved with Canada's child welfare system.

Question 28

A landmark study in Vancouver estimated that on any given night there were 30 to 40 youth working the street and the average age of entry was approximately 16 for girls and 15 for males.

Question 29

Although it is often difficult to estimate how many youth are involved in the sex trade industry, Goldenberg et al report that 40 to 60 per cent of sex workers initiate sex work as adolescents.

Question 30

Benoit and Shaver (2006) report that males make up 30 to 40 per cent of the sex trade industry.

Question 31

In Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada" it was found that only 55 per cent had completed high school.

Question 32

In Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada" it was found that 75 per cent of the respondents had been sexually abused prior to their involvement in the sex trade.

Question 33

Straight for pay refers to a gay male who will take on the persona of a heterosexual male while hustling/working in the sex trade.

Question 34

Absolute homelessness is a term used to talk about experiences of living on the street or in emergency shelters.

Question 35

Relative homelessness is a term used to refer to experiences of being housed but at risk of losing housing or living in substandard housing.

Question 36

Suicidality is the contemplation of taking one's own life.

Question 37

Suicidality is not just the contemplation of taking one's own life but rather the completion of the act.

Question 38

A bad date is an episode of harm enacted upon a sex worker by a client, including assault, sexual assault, incidents of theft, refusal of payment, threats, rudeness, time wasting, harassment, aggressive behaviour etc.

Question 39

Protective confinement or involuntary coercive holding is a type of detention to protect a person from harm, either from outside sources or from themselves.

Question 40

There are three primary types of services for youth involved in the SET in Canada: mandated services; specialized legislation; and non-governmental services.

Question 41

NGOs tend to avoid protectionist strategies, rather providing responsive programming addressing youth needs or preventative programming.

Question 42

It is estimated that over 50,000 children and youth are involved with child protection authorities annually in Canada

Question 43

Phase Three (i-EXIT) of the RESET Society in Calgary is a rapid exit program providing immediate safe housing and supports for exit from sexual exploitation and the risks inherently linked with it.

Question 44

Phase One (i-EXIT) of the RESET Society in Calgary is a rapid exit program providing immediate safe housing and supports for exit from sexual exploitation and the risks inherently linked with it.

Question 45

Protective confinement is synonymous with involuntary coercive holding.

Question 46

In the last 100 years we have witnessed an escalation of systems of regulation to control the lives of young people.

Question 47

Programming offered by NGOs often fills a much-needed space beyond government intervention.

Question 48

NGOs tend to avoid protectionist strategies, rather providing responsive programming addressing youth needs or preventative programming.

Question 49

Mulcahy and Trocmé (2010) found that on any day in Canada there are up to 65,000 children and youth residing in or out of home care.

Question 50

Manitoba's Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking Act (2013) focuses on the prosecution of those who purchase sex from individuals under the age of 18.

Question 51

Discuss the Nordic Model approach to legislating sex trade activities.

Question 52

Discuss what is meant by survival sex.

Question 53

Discuss the main points of Dr. Susan McIntyre's study "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada"

Question 54

Discuss the link between sex work involvement and sexual minority status.

Question 55

Discuss the difference between the terms gay for pay and straight for pay.

Question 56

What does it mean when people say, "selling sex is moving online"?

Question 57

What is the difference between absolute homelessness and relative homelessness?

Question 58

Discuss the relationship between the sexual trade industry and HIV.

Question 59

Discuss the three stages of the program to help youth in the sex trade offered by the RESET Society in Calgary.

Question 60

Discuss the various provisions or measures included in Bill C-15 to protect youth in the sex trade industry.

Question 61

What are the various reasons why youth engage in sex for survival?

Question 62

This chapter discusses a number of studies looking at the age of entry into the sex trade. Please discuss these studies in terms of what we know about the age in which young people enter into the sex trade.

Question 63

Discuss what Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada" found in terms of Indigenous involvement in the sex trade industry.

Question 64

Discuss how being LGBTQ relates to involvement in the sex trade industry.

Question 65

Discuss the relationship between drug use and remaining in the sex trade industry.

Question 66

Discuss the relationship between socio-economic issues and engagement in the sex trade.

Question 67

Discuss how the internet has played a role in the sex trade industry.

Question 68

What does "pro-sex-work feminism" argue?

Question 69

What is the "anti-sex work" feminist perspective argue?

Question 70

Discuss the role of NGO's in the sex trade industry.

Question 71

Discuss how and why our terminology and definitions of exploited youth have changed over time.

Question 72

What is sex work and how is it different from exploitation? What does it look like, how does it happen, and what do we know about it?

Question 73

Discuss the significance of Dr. Susan McIntyre's research "Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada"

Question 74

Discuss the relationship between involvement in the sex trade industry and early childhood abuse.

Question 75

Compare and contrast the "anti-sex work" feminist perspective and "pro-sex-work" feminism.