Question 1

Alpha blockers ______________.&#10;A)dilate blood vessels and are used to treat hypertension&#10;B)dilate the pupil and cause photophobia&#10;C)constrict nasal blood vessels and cause a runny nose&#10;D)inhibit heart contractions and cause bradycardia

Accepted Answer

At the beginning of therapy for hypertension they can cause syncope or fainting.They constrict the pupils,which can cause vision problems during darkness when the pupils ordinarily dilate,and they cause nasal blood vessels to dilate,which makes them leaky causing nasal congestion and stuffiness.The heart has no alpha receptors which play a pharmacological role,but a fall in blood pressure can cause some reflex tachycardia.

Question 2

Muscarinic receptors are located at all of the following except the ______________.&#10;A)blood vessels&#10;B)bladder&#10;C)bronchi&#10;D)adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

All end organs in the body have muscarinic receptors.The medulla has nicotinic receptors.

Question 3

Alpha agonists ______________.&#10;A)constrict the sphincter muscle of the iris leading to miosis&#10;B)constrict blood vessels leading to decreased blood pressure&#10;C)constrict the sphincter of the bladder leading to urinary retention&#10;D)stimulate GI-tract muscles leading to diarrhea

Accepted Answer

Alpha stimulation contracts the radial muscle of the iris leading to mydriasis.Alpha stimulation constricts blood vessels leading to increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure.Alpha receptors constrict the bladder sphincter causing urinary retention and alpha receptors on the intestines slow peristalsis leading to mild constipation.

Question 4

Nicotinic receptors are located at all of the following except the ______________.&#10;A)skeletal muscles&#10;B)autonomic ganglia&#10;C)brain&#10;D)heart

Accepted Answer

D is correct.The heart,like all end organs,contains muscarinic receptors.Nicotinic receptors located at skeletal muscles are labeled Nm,those at the ganglia and in the brain are labeled Nn receptors.

Question 5

Alpha receptors are located at all of the following except the______________.&#10;A)blood vessels&#10;B)GI tract&#10;C)bronchi&#10;D)iris of the eye

Accepted Answer

Bronchi contain mostly beta 2 receptors.

Question 6

A patient faints while quickly getting up from a hot pool.Which of the following drugs could have caused this event?&#10;A)Salmeterol&#10;B)Prazosin&#10;C)Phenylephrine&#10;D)Metaprolol

Accepted Answer

Prazosin is an alpha antagonist and dilates blood vessels,reduces blood pressure and is prone to orthostatic hypotension which in this case is exaggerated by additional blood vessel dilatation caused by the hot water.This event can be caused by all drugs which dilate blood vessels or cause orthostatic hypotension.The patient must be advised to stand up slowly and to hold on to a firm support and,in case of elderly individuals,the therapist should support that person while exiting the pool.The other drugs are not associated with significant blood vessel dilatation and orthostatic hypotension.Salmeterol is a beta agonist used in the therapy of asthma.Phenylephrine is an alpha agonist used to dilate the pupils for eye examinations and to reduce nasal congestion during a cold.Metaprolol is a beta-blocker used to treat hypertension and dysrhythmias.

Question 7

Beta 1 receptors are predominantly located at the ______________.&#10;A)heart&#10;B)bronchi&#10;C)GI tract&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All the other have mostly beta 2 receptors.

Question 8

Beta-blockers ______________.&#10;A)increase fluid influx into the eye and are contraindicated in glaucoma&#10;B)cause some vasodilatation and hot feet and hands&#10;C)decrease heart rate and mask the onset of a hypoglycemic episode&#10;D)are contraindicated in patients with angina pectoris

Accepted Answer

A hypoglycemic episode often starts with a tachycardia as a warning sign which is prevented by these drugs.They prevent influx of fluids into the eye,lower intraocular pressure and are used to treat glaucoma.They cause some constriction of blood vessels and cold hands and feet.They are used in patients with angina since these drugs reduce heart rate and,thus,oxygen demand by these already oxygen-deprived hearts.

Question 9

An overactive bladder is most likely to be treated with a(n)______________.&#10;A)alpha antagonist&#10;B)beta antagonist&#10;C)muscarinic agonist&#10;D)muscarinic antagonist

Accepted Answer

Alpha receptors close the bladder sphincter and their blockade opens the sphincter promoting urination (alpha antagonists are given to elderly men with prostate problems to help with urination).Beta antagonists have little effect but might counteract bladder extension leading to less bladder filling.Muscarinic receptor stimulate the bladder and cause urination.

Question 10

Anticholinergic drugs cause______________.&#10;A)dry mouth&#10;B)diarrhea&#10;C)bradycardia&#10;D)frequent urination

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth is one of the side effects of anticholinergic drug therapy which is very discomforting and often leads to discontinuation of drug use (like some antidepressant drugs).They cause dry mouth and skin,constipation,urinary retention,tachycardia and blurred vision,which are the main signs of anticholinergic drug therapy.

Question 11

Elderly individuals are more prone to ______________.&#10;A)diarrhea caused by drugs with anticholinergic activities&#10;B)bradycardia caused by drugs with muscarinic activities&#10;C)excitation caused by drugs with anticholinergic activities&#10;D)insomnia caused by anticholinesterases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elderly individuals are more prone to ______________.&#10;A)diarrhea...

Question 12

The actions of the sympathetic nervous system include which of the following?&#10;A)Constriction of the trachea and bronchioles&#10;B)Pupil dilation&#10;C)Decreased heart rate&#10;D)Contraction of the bladder wall

Accepted Answer

The answer of The actions of the sympathetic nervous system...

Question 13

Drugs that mimic the action of the parasympathetic nervous system act by ______________.&#10;A)stimulating cholinergic receptors directly&#10;B)increasing the synthesis and release of ACh&#10;C)inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase&#10;D)A and B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drugs that mimic the action of the...

Question 14

The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system include which of the following?&#10;A)Increased muscular motility and tone of the GI tract&#10;B)Increased contractility of the heart&#10;C)Triggering of the &#34;fight-or-flight&#34; response&#10;D)Urinary retention

Accepted Answer

The answer of The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system...

Question 15

A drug causing overheating and increased body temperature in a small boy during exercise on a hot day is a(n)______________.&#10;A)alpha agonist&#10;B)beta antagonist&#10;C)muscarinic agonist&#10;D)antimuscarinic drug

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug causing overheating and increased body...

Question 16

A drug causing mydriasis,an increase in blood pressure and which is being used as a nasal decongesting drug is a(n)______________.&#10;A)alpha agonist&#10;B)alpha antagonist&#10;C)beta agonist&#10;D)beta antagonist

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug causing mydriasis,an increase in blood...

Question 17

Cholinergic neurotransmission involves ______________.&#10;A)synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) by acetyl cholinesterase&#10;B)release of acetylcholine (ACh) from nerve terminal by action of Mg ions&#10;C)interaction of ACh with muscarinic or nicotinic receptors&#10;D)termination of Ach action by active re-uptake

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cholinergic neurotransmission involves ______________.&#10;A)synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh)...

Question 18

Anticholinesterases ______________.&#10;A)are used to treat myasthenia gravis&#10;B)cause constipation&#10;C)dilate bronchi&#10;D)cause muscular spasm leading to death during an overdose

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anticholinesterases ______________.&#10;A)are used to treat myasthenia gravis&#10;B)cause...

Question 19

Beta 2 agonists ______________.&#10;A)constrict blood vessels and causes an increase in blood pressure&#10;B)relax bronchi and cause increased airflow&#10;C)stimulate the pregnant uterus leading to premature contractions&#10;D)affect glucose metabolism and decreases blood glucose levels

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beta 2 agonists ______________.&#10;A)constrict blood vessels and...

Question 20

Noradrenergic neurotransmission involves ______________.&#10;A)synthesis of norepinephrine (NE) by monoamine oxidase or MAO&#10;B)synthesis of NE from epinephrine&#10;C)interaction with adrenergic gamma and delta receptors&#10;D)termination of action which is usually via re-uptake into the neuron

Accepted Answer

The answer of Noradrenergic neurotransmission involves ______________.&#10;A)synthesis of norepinephrine (NE)...

Question 21

&#945;-Adrenergic-blocking agents are responsible for which of the following?&#10;A)Increased blood pressure&#10;B)Decreased sympathetic tone of blood vessels&#10;C)Reflex bradycardia&#10;D)Asthma

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#945;-Adrenergic-blocking agents are responsible for which of...

Question 22

Match between columns&#10;                        Premises: Calcium channel blockers&#10;Calcium channel blockers&#10;Calcium channel blockers&#10;Calcium channel blockers&#10;Calcium channel blockers&#10;ACE inhibitor &#10;ACE inhibitor &#10;ACE inhibitor &#10;ACE inhibitor &#10;ACE inhibitor &#10;Diuretic&#10;Diuretic&#10;Diuretic&#10;Diuretic&#10;Diuretic&#10;&#945;2 Agonist&#10;&#945;2 Agonist&#10;&#945;2 Agonist&#10;&#945;2 Agonist&#10;&#945;2 Agonist&#10;&#946;-Blocker&#10;&#946;-Blocker&#10;&#946;-Blocker&#10;&#946;-Blocker&#10;&#946;-Blocker

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Stimulates central presynaptic α2 receptors and Produces is...

Question 23

Therapeutic actions of &#946;-blockers include __________.&#10;A)bronchoconstriction&#10;B)reflex peripheral vasoconstriction&#10;C)decreased renin release&#10;D)increased sodium retention

Accepted Answer

The answer of Therapeutic actions of &#946;-blockers include __________.&#10;A)bronchoconstriction&#10;B)reflex peripheral...

Question 24

&#945;-Adrenoceptors show the strongest response to which of the following agonists?&#10;A)a&#8322; agonists&#10;B)Catcholamines&#10;C)a agonists&#10;D)a&#8322; blockers

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#945;-Adrenoceptors show the strongest response to which...

Question 25

MATCHING&#10;1.Stimulates central presynaptic &#945;2 receptors&#10;2.Produces vasodilation by inhibiting calcium flow&#10;3.Blocks angiotensin II&#8211;converting enzymes&#10;4.Inhibits renin release&#10;5.Decreases blood volume&#10;&#10;A.&#945;2 Agonist&#10;B.Calcium channel blockers&#10;C.ACE inhibitor &#10;D.&#946;-Blocker&#10;E.Diuretic&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;1.Stimulates central presynaptic &#945;2 receptors&#10;2.Produces vasodilation by...

Question 26

The type of receptor found across autonomic ganglia in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is ________________ receptor.&#10;A)Nicotinic acetylcholine&#10;B)Muscarinic acetylcholine&#10;C)Adrenergic norepinephrine&#10;D)Adrenergic epinephrine

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of receptor found across autonomic...

Deck 5: Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System