Deck 8: Drug Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Arrhythmias

Question 1

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors __________.

A)increase cyclic GMP and Na⁺ levels
B)act mostly by dilating coronary blood vessels
C)are mostly used intravenously for short periods of time
D)can cause serious renal problems

Answer 1

are mostly used intravenously for short periods of time

Question 2

Which of the following drugs are not used in the treatment of congestive heart failure?

A)Angiotensin II receptor blockers
B)Calcium channel blockers
C)Nitrates
D)Aldosterone receptor blockers

Answer 2

Calcium channel blockers

Question 3

Hyperkalemia can occur with all of the following drugs except __________.

A)ACE inhibitors
B)angiotensin II receptor blockers
C)aldosterone blockers
D)loop diuretics

Answer 3

loop diuretics

Question 4

Class I drugs __________.

A)are the most frequently used anti-arrhythmic drugs
B)include quinidine which can cause renal toxicity
C)include lidocaine which can cause hepatic toxicity
D)can aggravate arrhythmias and cause additional arrhythmias

Question 5

ACE inhibitors __________.

A)reduce mostly contractility
B)are the drugs of last choice
C)can increase the development of atherosclerosis
D)can cause a severe cough and angioedema

Question 6

Which of the following are side effects of cardiac glycosides?

A)Hemorrhage, headache, bloody stool, stiff joints
B)Aggravation of cardiac rhythm disturbances, dizziness, visual disturbances
C)Vitamin K deficiency, bleeding, many drug interactions
D)Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness

Question 7

Beta-blockers __________.

A)increase contractility and cardiac output
B)reduce sympathetic tone to the heart
C)show a relatively fast improvement of clinical signs
D)can cause tachyarrhythmias

Question 8

Class IV drugs __________.

A)decrease automaticity
B)increase cardiac contractility
C)cause tachycardia
D)may lead to hypertension

Question 9

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Many anti-arrhythmic drugs have a positive inotropic effect and lead to exercise enhancement.
B)Drug controlled arrhythmias can again emerge during exercise.
C)Checking the pulse can detect rhythm irregularities.
D)Hypokalemia increases the risk of arrhythmias.

Question 10

Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of arrhythmias but is not recommended for use in asthmatics?

A)Class I antiarrhythmics
B)Class II antiarrhythmics
C)Class III antiarrhythmics
D)Class IV antiarrhythmics

Question 11

Class III drugs include amiodarone which __________.

A)is less commonly used because of low efficacy
B)has low toxicity
C)is frequently used for ventricular arrhythmias
D)can cause a bluish discoloration of exposed areas of the skin

Question 12

Class II drugs __________.

A)include propranolol, esmolol and acebutaolol
B)are most effective at rest but lose activity during exercise
C)can cause significant tachycardia
D)are used in patients with asthma

Question 13

Nonselective β-blockers can be used to treat hypertension and which of the following?

A)Superventricular arrhythmia
B)Heart block
C)COPD
D)Heart failure

Question 14

In the management of cardiac arrhythmias,class I antiarrhythmic drugs are effective because they _____________.

A)inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels
B)have positive iontropic action
C)slow phase 0 depolarization
D)increase AV node conduction velocity

Question 15

Which of the following may be an adverse effect associated with antiarrhythmic agents?

A)Bronchodilation
B)Increased cardiac output
C)Other arrhythmias
D)Sinus tachycardia

Question 16

All of the following are major warning signs and symptoms of CHF except __________.

A)fatigue in particular exercise fatigue
B)swelling of ankles
C)weight loss
D)shortness of breath

Question 17

Which one of the following definitions is false?

A)Class I drugs block Na⁺ channels
B)Class II drugs block beta 1 receptors
C)Class III drugs block muscarinic receptors
D)Class IV drugs block Ca⁺ channels

Question 18

Cardiac glycosides __________.

A)inhibit the Ca⁺ pump in the heart
B)have a high margin of safety
C)cause nausea, headache and visual disturbances
D)and their toxicity can be reduced by supplementation with Mg

Question 19

Which one of the following statements for congestive heart failure is false?

A)It refers to the inability of the heart to cause a normal cardiac output.
B)It is caused by hypertension, valvular diseases and/or coronary artery disease.
C)It is treated with drugs which improve contractility and decrease preload and afterload.
D)It is defined by an ejection fraction of 50% or less.

Question 20

Early typical warning signs of arrhythmias include all of the following except __________.

A)fatigue
B)nausea and vomiting
C)irregular heart beat
D)absence of any signs or symptoms