Deck 14: Drug Treatment for Osteoporosis and Diabetes

Question 1

Which of the following is a sign of insulin induced hypoglycemia?

A)Sweating
B)Frequent urination
C)Bradycardia
D)Ringing in the ears

Answer 1

Sweating

Question 2

Type I diabetes mellitus ______________.

A)seems to be an autoimmune disease
B)can be treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs
C)is accelerated by childhood obesity
D)is caused by destruction of insulin receptors on cells

Answer 2

seems to be an autoimmune disease

Question 3

Type II diabetes mellitus ______________.

A)can be due to decreased responsiveness of insulin receptors on tissues
B)is associated with obesity
C)can be caused by decreased pancreatic release of insulin
D)All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following offers the best treatment for osteoporosis in a 22-year-old woman who suffers from anorexia?

A)Hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and medroxyprogesterone)
B)Calcitonin
C)Birth control pills
D)Bisphosphonates

Question 5

Drug controlled diabetic patients ______________.

A)can be exercised regardless of glucose blood levels
B)require an increase in the premeal insulin dose for post-prandial exercise
C)can be helped with their insulin action by massaging the site of injection
D)can be helped in slowing their disease (type II) by regular exercise

Question 6

Which one of the following statements is false?

A)Calcitonin is thought to inhibit osteoclastic and stimulate osteoblastic activity.
B)Statin drugs have been shown to reduce the incidence of bone fractures.
C)Patient receiving bisphosphonates should not be subjected to abdominal pressure and long lasting supine positions.
D)Bisphosphonates cause necrosis of the jaw mostly in younger individuals.

Question 7

The following diagnostic tests use ______________.

A)blood glucose measurements to evaluate current glucose levels
B)A1C tests to evaluate blood glucose levels after a sugar load
C)blood creatinine levels to evaluate liver damage
D)fasting blood glucose level to measure pre-prandial glucose levels

Question 8

Calcium supplementation ______________.

A)can even be taken by individuals prone to have kidney stones
B)should be taken with meals
C)can cause some constipation and gas
D)All of the above

Question 9

Vitamin D ______________.

A)increases absorption of Ca⁺⁺ from the GI-tract
B)decreases Ca⁺⁺ renal excretion
C)increases bone mineralization
D)All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following drugs has no significant effect on bone loss?

A)Corticosteroids
B)Chemotherapeutic/transplant drugs
C)Cardiovascular drugs
D)Aromatose inhibitors

Question 11

Bisphosphonates ______________.

A)should be taken with individuals lying quiet on their backs for 1 hour
B)are effective only up to 5 years
C)are relatively safe except for some nausea and abdominal pain
D)prevent all fractures

Question 12

Various insulin preparations based on onset of action are available.Which of the following is true?

A)Ultra-short acting insulins act within 5-10 minutes and work for about 4 hours.
B)Regular insulins take 4 hours to be effective.
C)Intermediate insulins act within 2 hours and have a duration of action of 24 hours.
D)Long acting insulins can be mixed with ultra-short acting insulin to extend its action.

Question 13

Glucose absorption from the intestines is inhibited by ______________.

A)alpha glucosidase inhibitors
B)dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors
C)pramlintide
D)All of the above

Question 14

Insulin requires particular care in that ______________.

A)it must always be kept in a refrigerator
B)it can be stored in syringes in the refrigerator for a few days
C)freezing unused insulin prolongs its shelf life
D)All of the above

Question 15

Hyperglycemia can be recognized not only by excessive thirst and polyuria but also by ______________.

A)slow healing wounds and cuts
B)vision problems
C)cold and insensitive feet
D)All of the above

Question 16

Drug induced hypoglycemia ______________.

A)is more of a problem in type II than it is in type I diabetes
B)is more frequent with the use of metformin
C)can be experienced when taking a glitazone
D)can be caused by missing a meal after an injection of regular insulin

Question 17

Which of the following statements about calcium and vitamin D supplementation is true?

A)Supplementation should start in women 60 years and older with at least 1200 mg of elemental calcium.
B)Men do not need 1200 mg of calcium until the age of 70 years.
C)Vitamin D supplementation should be between 200-400 international units (IU).
D)Calcium supplements and vitamin D supplementation both can prevent and slow progression of osteoporosis.

Question 18

Which of the following activities is contraindicated in type 1 diabetes shortly after an insulin injection?

A)Ankle pumps
B)Fine motor activities
C)Grip strengthening
D)Abdominal curl-ups

Question 19

The normal response of the body to carbohydrate ingestion is ______________.

A)release of insulin from alpha cells of the pancreas
B)stimulation of insulin receptors on tissues by glucose
C)rapid conversion of glucose into fat
D)uptake of remaining glucose by the liver to form glycogen

Question 20

Bisphosphonates ______________.

A)reduce osteoclastic activity and bone reabsorption
B)are absorbed into the bone which reduces bone strength
C)are well absorbed from the GI-tract
D)must be taken with food

Question 21

Which of the following insulin regimens offers the greatest flexibility in terms of food intake and timing of meals?

A)Multiple dosing with bedtime intermediate
B)Split and mixed
C)Multiple dosing with morning peakless insulin
D)Split and mixed with bedtime intermediate