Deck 4: Economics of Seeking Asylum

Question 1

What is asylum?

Answer 1

Asylum is the protection granted by a nation to a person who has left his or her country of origin in order to escape persecution.

Question 2

What are the two main opposing viewpoints in regard to seeking asylum?

Answer 2

On one hand, supporters are empathetic for those who must flee the danger's they face in their home regions, but stating concern for those who must flee violence can lead to political and social recrimination. On the other, opponents raise red flags about the threats of illegal immigrants "stealing" domestic jobs, increasing crime rates, threatening economic security and national safety, and drowning the country's welfare, schooling, and housing systems.

Question 3

How does economics relate to seeking asylum?

Answer 3

Economics is at the heart of this issue because many aspects of seeking asylum are due to scarcity in the forms of lack of safety and legal status, inadequate housing, ignorance of rights, lack of official agents to process asylum seekers and to provide effective law enforcement, and deficiency of language skills.

Question 4

At what stages might an asylum seeker experience human rights violations?

Question 5

What are the three types of emergency situations that may cause people to flee their homes and seek asylum in another area or country?

Question 6

What is the purpose of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)?

Question 7

How is a refugee different than an asylum seeker?

Question 8

What is refoulement?

Question 9

What groups are included when discussing international migration?

Question 10

What are internally displaced persons (IDPs)?

Question 11

What are returned refugees?

Question 12

When is a person considered stateless?

Question 13

What is the purpose of the United States Citizen and Immigration Services (USCIS)?

Question 14

When may a person apply for asylum in the United States?

Question 15

What is expedited removal?

Question 16

What is the difference between credible fear and reasonable fear?

Question 17

How is the affirmative asylum process different from the defensive asylum process in the United States?

Question 18

What are the seven steps of the United States affirmative asylum process?

Question 19

What are transit countries and how are they affected by large numbers of asylum seekers?

Question 20

What are the three federal agencies in charge of asylum seekers to the United States?

Question 21

What is the purpose of the United States State Department Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM)?

Question 22

What is the purpose of the United States Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR)?

Question 23

What are the two main legal instruments in the United States regarding the seeking of asylum?

Question 24

How did the Hart-Celler Act (Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965) change the way the United States allocated immigration quotas?

Question 25

What are some situations in which a person may not be granted asylum in the United States?

Question 26

Which two articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 relate to asylum seeking?

Question 27

What are the three main international policy instruments governing the rights and obligations of seeking asylum?

Question 28

What agreement sets the international standards for protection and treatment of refugees?

Question 29

What international organization supervises the implementation of the United Nations Refugee Convention on the Status of Refugees of 1951?

Question 30

What international agreement relates to statelessness?

Question 31

How did the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa of 1969 expanded on the Convention of 1951?

Question 32

How could detention during asylum seeking lead to human rights violation?

Question 33

Which countries received the most asylum applications in 2016?

Question 34

What are the three federal agencies in control of immigration into the United States?

Question 35

What are the four main decision-making groups associated with asylum seeking?

Question 36

What are some of the reasons a person may decide to seek asylum in another area or country?

Question 37

What are some of the decisions of people in power in the home country related to asylum seekers?

Question 38

How does human trafficking relate to seeking asylum?

Question 39

How does the complementarity of immigrant skills and native skills play a role in public opinion of asylum seeking?

Question 40

How does substitutability of immigrant skills and native skills play a role in public opinion of asylum seeking?

Question 41

What is the labor market?

Question 42

Why is labor supply (or supply of labor) upward sloping?

Question 43

Why is labor demand (or demand for labor) downward sloping?

Question 44

How does immigrant-native skill complementarity affect productivity?

Question 45

What are some of the costs of remaining in the home country that lead to an individual's seeking asylum?

Question 46

What are some of the costs of the person's seeking asylum?

Question 47

What are some of the costs to the country in which the person is seeking asylum?

Question 48

What are some of the benefits to a person's seeking asylum?

Question 49

Which persons does the Roy Model indicate will migrate to more developed countries and why?

Question 50

According to the Roy Model, what happens to the makeup of immigrants to the more developed country when inequality changes in the home country?

Question 51

What happens to the frequency distribution of skills when inequality changes in the home country?

Question 52

According to the Roy Model, what happens to the makeup of immigrants to the more developed country when income changes in the home country?

Question 53

According to the Roy Model, what happens to the frequency distribution of skills when income changes in the home country?

Question 54

What circumstances (push-and-pull factors) must be in place in order for a person to choose to seek asylum in another country?

Question 55

Why would a person choose to seek asylum in another country even if his or her family was still in the origin country?

Question 56

When would it be beneficial for the host country to accept the asylum seeker as a refugee and what are the benefits the host country would receive?

Question 57

How does human trafficking create a barrier to receiving asylum?

Question 58

Based on the Roy Model, how does income inequality play a role in the country choice when choosing to migrate?

Question 59

Based on the Roy Model, what incentives could be put in place to entice highly-skilled migrants to choose to migrate to a certain country?