Question 1

Primary HIV infection is characterized by which of the following?&#10;A)Kaposi's sarcoma&#10;B)Flu-like symptoms&#10;C)CD8 counts under 200&#10;D)Lypodystrophy

Accepted Answer

After exposure to the virus,an initial acute flu-like illness develops for the increase in HIV particles and the formation of antibodies.This phase is known as primary HIV infection.

Question 2

The function of the reverse transcriptase enzyme is which of the following?&#10;A)Converts viral DNA into viral RNA&#10;B)Facilitates uncoating of the virus&#10;C)Converts viral RNA to viral DNA&#10;D)Enhances packaging and release of new virions

Accepted Answer

The reverse transcriptase enzyme makes a DNA copy of the single-stranded viral RNA.

Question 3

Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors work by which of the following actions?&#10;A)Bind to the reverse transcriptase enzyme to inactivate it&#10;B)Act as a DNA chain terminator&#10;C)Bind to the surface of the glycoprotein on the viral envelope&#10;D)Fuse to the new viral envelope

Accepted Answer

The reverse transcriptase enzyme incorporates the drug into the growing chain and prevents further elongation.

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding viruses?&#10;A)Replication reaches peak before symptoms appear.&#10;B)Viruses can replicate independently from the host cells.&#10;C)Viruses uncoat in a basic environment.&#10;D)Antiviral agents inhibit multiple steps in the replication cycle.

Accepted Answer

Viruses need nutrients from the host cell in order to replicate.In addition,uncoating must occur in an acid environment.

Question 5

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV infection are responsible for preventing which of the following?&#10;A)Uncoating of the virus&#10;B)Conversion of viral RNA into DNA&#10;C)Incorporating DNA into the chromosomes&#10;D)Hydrolyzing viral proteins

Accepted Answer

The reverse transcriptase enzyme is responsible for the conversion of viral RNA into viral DNA.

Question 6

Which of the following represents innate immunity to viruses?&#10;A)Phagocytes&#10;B)B cells&#10;C)Antibodies&#10;D)Nucleocapsids

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity refers to the first line of defense and includes the skin and its mucosal barriers as well as the non-specific inflammatory response produced by phagocytes,leukocytes,and cytokines (interferons and tumor necrosis factor-α,and natural killer cells).

Question 7

HIV-related lipodystrophy is characterized by which of the following clinical signs?&#10;A)Central fat accumulation&#10;B)Dorsocervical fat pad&#10;C)Gynecomastia&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

HIV-related lipodystrophy also known as lipohypertrophy includes fat deposits as well as all of the symptoms mentioned above.Patients also have hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia,and insulin resistance.

Question 8

Patients with chronic viral infections (hepatitis and/or HIV)who are taking anti-viral agents may show lower exercise performance due to which of the following mechanisms?&#10;A)Myelosuppression&#10;B)Fatigue&#10;C)Peripheral neuropathy&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

These are all side effects affecting exercise performance that may be induced by anti-viral agents.Interferons cause fatigue and flu-like symptoms,and several drugs for HIV cause peripheral neuropathy.

Question 9

Drug treatment for HIV should begin at which point in the life cycle of the disease?&#10;A)When the CD4 cell count falls below 50&#10;B)When the CD4 cell count is between 200 and 500&#10;C)When the initial acute flu-like illness develops shortly after exposure&#10;D)Development of an opportunistic infection

Accepted Answer

Drug treatment should begin when the CD4 count drops but the exact number is still controversial.Most researchers agree that treatment should begin when the count is between 200 and 500.

Question 10

Current treatment for HCV includes which of the following regimens?&#10;A)AZT and ritonavir&#10;B)Amantedine and zanamivir&#10;C)Peginterferon and ribavarin&#10;D)Adefovir and ritonavir

Accepted Answer

All of these choices are anti-viral agents but ribavarin and peginterferon are used in the treatment of hepatitis C.

Deck 21: Antiviral Agents and Selected Drugs for Fungal Infections