Question 1

The intake of large doses of vitamins or minerals might not help but is safe since ____________.&#10;A)these are natural products necessary for bodily functions&#10;B)excesses are quickly metabolized before toxicity occurs&#10;C)excesses are quickly excreted before toxicity occurs&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Although they are natural products and are needed by the body,they can be harmful if taken in larger doses (e.g.,vitamins A and D).

Question 2

Large doses of vitamin C can interfere with the action of certain drugs because vitamin C can significantly alter the ____________.&#10;A)acidity of the urine&#10;B)metabolism of drugs&#10;C)peristalsis of the intestine&#10;D)plasma protein binding

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is also called ascorbic acid.In can slow down or speed up excretion of weak acids or bases and it can also alter the pH of the stomach and affect their absorption.

Question 3

A patient is using phenytoin and might be told to supplement with ____________.&#10;A)vitamin B&#8326;&#10;B)vitamin D&#10;C)chromium&#10;D)magnesium

Accepted Answer

Phenytoin can interfere with metabolism of vitamin D and lead to a deficiency state.

Question 4

A clinical use of larger doses of certain vitamins and minerals is indicated in case of ____________.&#10;A)vitamin B&#8321;&#8322; and smoking&#10;B)calcium and vitamin D to prevent or reduce progression of osteoporosis&#10;C)iron and pernicious anemia&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Large doses of vitamins and minerals are indicated in certain diseases and they are then prescribed/recommended by a physician.B₁₂ is used to treat pernicious anemia but has no effect to prevent the risks of smoking.Iron is used to treat iron deficient anemia but has no effect on pernicious anemia.

Question 5

It is possible to overdose on MVMPs if taken in excess by ____________.&#10;A)toddlers&#10;B)AIDS patients&#10;C)frail older individuals&#10;D)cancer patients

Accepted Answer

These preparations taste and look like candies and toddlers might chew them in excess which can cause toxicities.Most preparations contain a warning that they should be stored out of reach of infants below 6 years.

Question 6

If an adverse reaction to a MVMP is experienced,either alone or in combination with a drug,this should be reported to the ____________.&#10;A)National Institute of Health&#10;B)American Medical Association&#10;C)Medwatch program of the FDA&#10;D)Department of Consumer Affairs

Accepted Answer

Reporting adverse reactions to medicines and vaccines is the responsibility of the Medwatch program of the FDA. The other options, such as the National Institute of Health, American Medical Association, and Department of Consumer Affairs, may play a role in healthcare and consumer protection but are not specifically responsible for reporting adverse reactions.

Question 7

Vitamins and minerals can function in the body as ____________.&#10;A)a source of energy&#10;B)cofactors for enzymes&#10;C)important constituents of cell membranes&#10;D)promoters of oxidation processes

Accepted Answer

Depending on the vitamin or mineral,they also have antioxidant properties,can control DNA synthesis and have hormone-like actions.

Question 8

A patient is using a sulfonamide and asks if it is OK to use a MVMP.The MVMP could cause problems because it contains ____________.&#10;A)vitamin C&#10;B)folic acid&#10;C)iron&#10;D)magnesium

Accepted Answer

Sulfonamides inhibit the bacterial synthesis of folic acid and the addition of it would reduce the antimicrobial drug's effectiveness.

Question 9

Vitamin and mineral deficiency states ____________.&#10;A)are still quite common in this country even in healthy individuals&#10;B)can occur in healthy individuals even on a balanced diet&#10;C)are still quite prevalent in healthy older individuals even on a balanced diet&#10;D)can occur during pregnancy in healthy women even on a balanced diet

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy vitamin and mineral supplementation in particular folic acid is recommended in addition to a well balanced diet.Deficiency states are not common except in some in healthy individuals with very poor dietary habits or diseases.Even healthy older individuals on a balanced diet do not show deficiency states (which does not include supplementation,e.g.,with Ca⁺⁺ and Vit D to prevent onset and progression of osteoporosis).

Question 10

Since laboratory studies have shown that antioxidants can decrease the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases,MVMPs ____________.&#10;A)are recommended to decrease the risk of cancer&#10;B)are recommended to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases&#10;C)have not been clinically shown to decrease the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases&#10;D)have, however, been shown to be beneficial for certain anemias

Accepted Answer

Studies have failed to show a benefit,and to treat anemias higher doses are needed as those present in these preparations.Also read the label stating that these preparations are not intended to diagnose,prevent or cure diseases.

Question 11

There are many multiple vitamin/mineral preparations or MVMPs available commercially.However,they all are now ____________.&#10;A)standardized as to their number of vitamins and minerals&#10;B)standardized as to their dosages&#10;C)manufactured under government controlled conditions&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are many multiple vitamin/mineral preparations or...

Question 12

If MVMPs are used,it is best to use preparations that ____________.&#10;A)are approved by the Department of Health&#10;B)have been tested by the National Institute of Health&#10;C)are recommended by the American Medical Association&#10;D)are manufactured by a reputable manufacturing company

Accepted Answer

The answer of If MVMPs are used,it is best to...

Question 13

A patient is using an anticoagulant and asks if it is OK to use a MVMP.The MVMP could cause problems because it contains ____________.&#10;A)vitamin A&#10;B)vitamin K&#10;C)calcium&#10;D)selenium

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is using an anticoagulant and...

Deck 24: Vitamins and Minerals