Deck 5: Gender, Work and Postindustrial Families

Question 1

The postindustrial economy is characterized by

A) Increasing numbers of jobs in information and services.
B) A widening gap between poor families and wealthy families.
C) Real gains in income by all types of families.
D) Both (a) and (b) above.
E) Both (a) and (c) above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the postindustrial United States,

A) Religion is as important to people as it was in the 1920s.
B) Differences between religious groups on family issues are declining.
C) There are increasing differences between people who are religious and those who are not.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following have been affected by the "Baby Boom"?

A) Rapid increase in the divorce rate in the 1970s.
B) Increase in the crime rate in the 1970s.
C) Decline in the divorce rate during the 1930s.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The "Sandwich Generation" is

A) Children raised by parents who seldom fix complete home-cooked meals.
B) An age group with care-taking responsibilities both to their aging parents and their own offspring.
C) People born between the Baby Boom and Generation Xers.
D) People whose parents were raised in rural areas but grew up in the cities.
E) People who are likely to have lower standards of living than their parents.

Question 5

It is true about the gendered "wage gap" that

A) The gap is greater for younger workers than for older workers.
B) The gap widened between 1970 and 1998.
C) The gap is narrower among Blacks and Hispanics than among Whites.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 6

"Potential means of production held by an individual that was acquired through formal training, education, or experience" is

A) Human capital.
B) Ascribed status.
C) An explanation for the gendered wage gap that is offered by the discrimination perspective.
D) Both (a) and (c) above.
E) Both (b) and (c) above.

Question 7

A criticism of the human capital perspective that might be made by the discrimination perspective is

A) The human capital perspective does not consider the fact that women work fewer hours than do men.
B) The human capital perspective does not explain how or why human capital is distributed differently for men and women.
C) The human capital perspective does not consider the different job choices of men and women.
D) The human capital perspective does not consider the concept of choice.
E) The human capital perspective is too radical for American politicians to accept.

Question 8

The "danger gap" or "division of risk" in America

A) Is still based on traditional gender expectations.
B) May account for part of the wage gap.
C) Does not apply to children.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Question 9

Of the following, which has the lowest rate of suicide in the United States?

A) White males.
B) White females.
C) Black males.
D) Black females.
E) Suicide rates do not vary by race and gender.

Question 10

The "family wage movement"

A) Suggested that all members of a family should perform wage labor.
B) Tried to have all paychecks made out to the couple, not just to the spouse doing the work.
C) Sought to give married men a high enough wage to support a family.
D) Sought federal funds to pay housewives.
E) Wanted to provide tax incentives to companies that allowed a couple to share one job.

Question 11

With respect to the history of housework,

A) Labor-saving devices such as the electric washing machine significantly reduced the amount of time spent on housework.
B) The microwave oven was the only new home appliance that actually reduced overall housework time.
C) Time spent shopping and transporting children decreased in the twentieth century.
D) The term "housework" has been in the English language since at least 1400.
E) Increase in cleanliness had no effect on child mortality rates.

Question 12

"A role that holds family and relationships together by communication and organization" is

A) Emotion work.
B) Kin keeper.
C) Usually performed by women.
D) Both (a) and (c) above.
E) Both (b) and (c) above.

Question 13

"A role relationship in which actors assume different roles, but those roles mesh with and support one another" are

A) Parallel scripts.
B) Personal scripts.
C) Complementary scripts.
D) Co-dependent scripts.
E) Conflict-habituated scripts.

Question 14

An advantage of a traditional complementary script is

A) Greater financial security.
B) A wife can avoid the possibility of becoming a displaced homemaker.
C) Greater satisfaction with family life.
D) Both (a) and (c) above.
E) Both (b) and (c) above.

Question 15

A "trailing spouse"

A) Is one role in a commuter marriage.
B) Is a husband or wife of an income-producer who relocates for employment purposes.
C) Is the person who loves the least in a married couple.
D) Is a husband or wife who becomes part of the spouse's extended family..
E) Has his or her first marriage with a partner that has had a previous marriage.

Question 16

It is true about commuter marriages that

A) They are usually the planned first choice of the couple.
B) The husband and wife have at least semi-permanent separate residences.
C) The husband and wife are more satisfied with marriage and family life than in other marriages.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 17

Of studies comparing the total weekly hours of paid and home labor,

A) All agree that women have more total hours.
B) Total hour comparisons vary depending on how hours are counted and who is included in the comparisons.
C) All agree that women have more home labor hours and men have more paid labor hours.
D) Only (a) and (c) above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Question 18

Even though wives do more home labor than do husbands, most couples consider their division of labor to be fair partly because

A) They have no other couples to compare themselves to.
B) They compare their role performances to couples for which the difference in hours is greater.
C) They aren't really aware who does the most home labor.
D) Very few women work outside the home.
E) Labor-saving devices have significantly reduced hour spent in home labor.

Question 19

Couples with househusbands and working wives

A) Now make up over one-half of U.S. households.
B) Usually made this script their first choice from the beginning of the marriage.
C) Include more hours of home labor for the househusband than is the case for wives in housewife couples.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above.

Question 20

Among children in American families,

A) Young boys and girls do roughly equal amounts of housework.
B) Adolescent girls do considerably more hours of housework than their adolescent brothers.
C) Boys in single-parent homes do less housework than boys in two-parent homes.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (c) above.

Question 21

With respect to the "danger gap" in accidental death rates for young people,

A) Boys of all ages have higher accidental death rates than do girls.
B) The gap is largest at birth, then narrows during the teen years.
C) The gap begins at birth, but grows significantly during the teen years.
D) Both (a) and (b) above.
E) Both (a) and (c) above.

Question 22

The "mommy track"

A) Is a career path that allows mothers to have more time for families.
B) Would probably increase the mother's lifetime earnings, compared with a full-time career.
C) Is a place where young mothers can go for exercise.
D) Both (a) and (b) above.
E) Both (b) and (c) above.

Question 23

In a comparison of characteristics of several countries,

A) Women outlive men in every region of the world.
B) Countries with limited resources devote more educational resources to boys than to girls.
C) Generally, the higher the country's income, the lower the fertility rate.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (b) and (d) above.

Question 24

In Sub-Saharan Africa,

A) Family and extended kin groups remain important.
B) Urbanization and industrialization have had no influence.
C) Men do virtually all of the agricultural work.
D) Women have greater access to formal education than do men.
E) Most countries have very low population growth.

Question 25

Compared with the United States, in Sweden

A) Illegitimacy rates are seen as a more serious problem.
B) The family leave policy is more extensive.
C) The cohabitation rate is lower.
D) All of the above.
E) Only (a) and (b) above.

Question 26

What impact has the postindustrial revolution had on the religious institution?

Question 27

What impact has the Baby Boom and increased life expectancy had on families in America?

Question 28

Compare the discrimination perspective and the human capital perspective regarding the earnings gap between men and women. Which do you think provides the best explanation? Why?

Question 29

What effect has technology had on the history of housework?

Question 30

Compare and contrast complementary marital scripts and parallel marital scripts. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 31

Present and evaluate the evidence regarding a "second shift" for married women.

Question 32

Why do most married couples believe that their division of labor is fair, even when the women are doing most of the home labor?

Question 33

In what ways are family scripts in Sweden different from those in the United States? Does Sweden present a good model for the American family? Why or why not?