Question 1

Which of the following is not part of Beijing's triadic approach to information control?&#10;A) The Great Firewall&#10;B) The Great Cannon&#10;C) The Great Spear&#10;D) The Social Credit System

Accepted Answer

Beijing's triadic approach to information control includes The Great Firewall, The Great Cannon, and the Social Credit System. The Great Spear is not a part of this approach.

Question 2

Cyber space includes which of the following?&#10;A) The Internet&#10;B) Cellular technologies&#10;C) Space-based communications&#10;D) All the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

Cyber space includes all forms of technology-based communication, including the Internet, cellular technologies, and space-based communications. Therefore, all options given are correct.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the three layers of cyber space?&#10;A) The physical layer&#10;B) The syntactic layer&#10;C) The psychological layer&#10;D) The cognitive layer

Accepted Answer

The three layers of cyberspace are the physical layer, the syntactic layer, and the cognitive layer. The psychological layer is not one of the layers of cyberspace.

Question 4

According to chapter 16, adversarial attempts to influence social behaviour, including voting behaviour and security strategies, are most effective when they take advantage of&#8230;&#10;A) attribution errors.&#10;B) the availability heuristic.&#10;C) confirmation bias.&#10;D) All these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to chapter 16, adversarial attempts to...

Question 5

Multinational corporations do much of the work in addressing cyber violations and mitigating the impact of serious malware attacks and are legally allowed to 'hack back' against aggressors.

Accepted Answer

Multinational corporations are not legally allowed to "hack back" against aggressors, as this can lead to dangerous and potentially unlawful retaliation. Instead, they typically work with law enforcement and cybersecurity experts to investigate and mitigate the impact of cyber attacks.

Question 6

Cyber war is defined in this chapter as 'the use of digital technologies in military interactions or military affairs in the realm of international relations'.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cyber war is defined in this chapter...

Question 7

As of 2021, the beginnings of a new strategy called 'layered cyber deterrence' were emerging in&#8230;&#10;A) Russia.&#10;B) China.&#10;C) the United States.&#10;D) North Korea.

Accepted Answer

The concept of "layered cyber deterrence" has been discussed and promoted by US cyber experts and policymakers, including former US Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats and former Deputy National Security Advisor for Cyber and Emerging Technology Anne Neuberger.

Question 8

More than half of all cyber operations take the form of espionage or intelligence operations that focus on the collection of information from and the dissemination of messages to adversaries.

Accepted Answer

According to multiple reports and studies, including those from the Center for Strategic and International Studies and Verizon's annual Data Breach Investigations Report, espionage and intelligence operations account for more than 50% of all cyber attacks.

Question 9

China's cyber strategy against the United States and other democracies has largely consisted of digital espionage that is mainly intended to steal intellectual property.

Accepted Answer

China has been accused of engaging in cyber espionage to steal intellectual property from the United States and other countries. This has been a major point of contention in the trade tension between the two countries.

Question 10

Online radicalization is, in part, a product of the human tendency towards confirmation bias exacerbated by social media algorithms which push belief-affirming and often highly biased content to users.

Accepted Answer

Online radicalization is indeed influenced by confirmation bias, and social media algorithms often contribute to this by showing users content that confirms their existing beliefs, rather than a balanced range of perspectives.

Deck 15: Cyber Conflict in the Age of Great Power Competition, Ryan C Maness, Rebecca Lorentz, and Brandon Valerian