Question 1

With his Ninety-Five Theses, Martin Luther was attempting to:&#10;A) start the Protestant Reformation&#10;B) oust the Pope&#10;C) invite debate&#10;D) reform the education at the university at Wittenberg

Accepted Answer

Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle church, inviting theological debate and discussion. While this act did ultimately play a major role in the Protestant Reformation, his original intention was to spark debate and reform within the Catholic Church, not to start an entirely new religious movement or oust the Pope. There is no indication that Luther's focus was on education at the university at Wittenberg.

Question 2

Which practice was the chief target of Luther's &#34;Ninety-Five Theses?&#10;A) Indulgences&#10;B) Purgatory&#10;C) Primacy of the Pope&#10;D) The exalted status of Mary

Accepted Answer

Luther's "Ninety-Five Theses" primarily targeted the practice of selling indulgences, which was the Catholic Church's practice of accepting payment from people in exchange for the forgiveness of sins.

Question 3

What was the treasure of merits?&#10;A) The coffers of the Pope&#10;B) One's own works of righteousness&#10;C) The accumulation of good works by the saints&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The treasure of merits refers to the accumulation of good works by the saints, which, according to Catholic teaching, can be drawn upon by the Church and distributed to believers, particularly through indulgences.

Question 4

Which of the following would the &#34;later&#34; Luther affirm?&#10;A) Justification comes through faith alone&#10;B) Justification comes through a combination of works and grace&#10;C) Justification is a process&#10;D) All people will ultimately be justified before God

Accepted Answer

Luther's later theology emphasized the centrality of faith alone for justification, as opposed to works or any combination of works and grace.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of Luther's view of the righteousness of God?&#10;A) Righteousness is what saves sinners&#10;B) Righteousness is what condemns sinners&#10;C) Righteousness is internal&#10;D) Righteousness is imparted

Accepted Answer

Luther believed that the righteousness of God is what saves sinners, as it is given to them through faith, not by their own works.

Question 6

In Luther's debate with Erasmus:&#10;A) Luther affirmed that fallen human beings are held captive to the will of Satan&#10;B) Luther maintained that human beings have free will from birth&#10;C) Erasmus claimed that Luther was a Pelagian&#10;D) Erasmus argued that the human will is not free

Accepted Answer

Luther's debate with Erasmus centered around the nature of human will after the Fall. Luther argued that human beings are in bondage to sin and cannot free themselves, meaning they are under the influence or captive to the will of Satan. This contrasts with Erasmus's view, which held that human beings retain some measure of free will that allows them to cooperate with God's grace.

Question 7

On which two concepts are the doctrine of indulgences based?&#10;A) Purgatory and the treasury of merits&#10;B) Free will and grace&#10;C) Predestination and Pelagianism&#10;D) Hell and purgatory

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of indulgences is based on the concepts of purgatory, a place where souls are said to be purified after death, and the treasury of merits, which refers to the accumulation of good deeds and merits by Christ and the saints that can be used to reduce the time spent in purgatory.

Question 8

Which of the following people did Luther react against the regarding the sale of indulgences?&#10;A) Pope Leo X&#10;B) Archbishop Albrecht&#10;C) John Tetzel&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Luther reacted against all of these individuals in regards to the sale of indulgences. Pope Leo X authorized the sale of indulgences, Archbishop Albrecht allowed the sale of indulgences in his territory in order to pay off his own debts, and John Tetzel was the most famous indulgence seller who used fear and manipulation to convince people to buy them.

Question 9

Which doctrine was the foundation of the Protestant movement?&#10;A) Freedom of the will&#10;B) Justification by grace through faith&#10;C) The doctrine of purgatory&#10;D) Pelagianism

Accepted Answer

Justification by grace through faith is considered the foundation of the Protestant movement. This doctrine emphasizes that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ and is solely based on God's grace, not on good works or religious deeds. This challenged the Catholic Church's teaching of salvation through a combination of faith and good works and sparked the Protestant Reformation.

Question 10

Luther's concept of the priesthood of all believers means that:&#10;A) believers approach God only through a priest&#10;B) priests must be specially trained to mediate between believers and God&#10;C) all believers have direct access to God&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Luther's concept of the priesthood of all believers emphasizes that every individual believer has direct access to God without the need for a priest as a mediator, challenging the Catholic Church's hierarchy and sacramental system. Therefore, options A and B are not correct.

Deck 19: Martin Luther