Question 1

What is Popper referring to with this statement, &#34;No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong&#34;?&#10;A) Validity&#10;B) Reliability&#10;C) Falsification&#10;D) Operationalization&#10;E) Verification

Accepted Answer

Popper believed in the concept of falsification, which states that a scientific theory should be testable and falsifiable. This means that no amount of experimentation can prove a theory to be true, but a single experiment can prove it to be false. Therefore, the correct answer is C, falsification.

Question 2

A formally stated expectation is known as the:&#10;A) Aim&#10;B) Prediction&#10;C) Experimental variable&#10;D) Scientific expectation&#10;E) Hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a formal statement of an expectation or prediction about the outcome of a scientific inquiry, based on prior research or observations.

Question 3

Watching a phenomenon occur naturally to get a general idea of what is involved in the process is known as:&#10;A) Controlled observation&#10;B) Naturalistic observation&#10;C) Structured observation&#10;D) Unstructured observation&#10;E) A natural experiment

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing a phenomenon as it occurs naturally, without any intervention or manipulation by the observer. This is often used in the early stages of research to gain a general understanding of a phenomenon before moving on to more controlled experiments.

Question 4

Which of the following methods reveals associations but does not indicate causality?&#10;A) Randomized control study&#10;B) Interview&#10;C) Non-experimental&#10;D) Correlational&#10;E) Experimental

Accepted Answer

Correlational methods reveal associations between variables but do not establish causality.

Question 5

The type of validity specifically describing how well the research findings are applicable to the real world is called:&#10;A) Construct&#10;B) Concurrent&#10;C) External&#10;D) Internal&#10;E) Face

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to how well the research findings can be generalized to the real world.

Question 6

Which is the most appropriate measure of the scores of a whole group.&#10;A) Median&#10;B) Mean&#10;C) Mode&#10;D) Range&#10;E) Standard deviation

Accepted Answer

The mean is the most appropriate measure of the scores of a whole group because it takes into account every score in the data set and provides an overall picture of the average score. The median and mode may not accurately represent the entire group if there are extreme scores or if the data is skewed. The range and standard deviation provide information on the variability of the data but do not give an overall picture of the scores in the group.

Question 7

This term refers to when a participant's response is influenced more by the research setting than by the independent variable.&#10;A) Social desirability effect&#10;B) Evaluation apprehension&#10;C) The placebo effect&#10;D) Researcher bias&#10;E) Demand characteristics

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics refer to cues or expectations in the research setting that influence participants to respond in a particular way, regardless of the independent variable being manipulated. This effect can result in data that is not a true reflection of the participant's actual behavior or attitudes.

Deck 2: Scientific Psychology and Its Research Methods