Question 1

What accounts for the greatest portion of most presidential candidates' spending?&#10;A) Mass mailings.&#10;B) Flying around the country to attend many events.&#10;C) Television ads.&#10;D) Salaries for staff and pollsters.

Accepted Answer

Television ads are the biggest expense for most presidential campaigns as they are one of the most effective ways to reach a large audience. Mass mailings and flying around the country to attend events can also be significant expenses, but are generally outweighed by the cost of advertising on television. Salaries for staff and pollsters may also be a large expense, but are typically a smaller portion of the overall campaign budget.

Question 2

Campaigns that target their message to specialized &#34;niche&#34; audiences are engaging in:&#10;A) broadcasting&#10;B) the &#34;air war&#34;&#10;C) push polling&#10;D) narrowcasting

Accepted Answer

Narrowcasting is the practice of targeting specific messages to a highly specialized audience, rather than broadcasting a general message to a broad audience. This approach allows campaigns to tailor their messages to the specific interests and concerns of their intended audience, which can be more effective in persuading them to take action or support a particular candidate or cause.

Question 3

Challengers usually do better in elections if they campaign on:&#10;A) issues &#34;owned&#34; by their party&#10;B) their name recognition&#10;C) their service to the district&#10;D) their advantage over incumbents in fund-raising

Accepted Answer

Challengers often focus on issues that are strongly associated with their party, or "owned" by their party, as this can help them to differentiate themselves from incumbents and appeal to their base. This strategy can be particularly effective when the incumbent is perceived to be weak on these issues.

Question 4

Sending personalized letters to millions of people who might be inclined to support a campaign is called:&#10;A) broadcast advertising&#10;B) pop-up ads&#10;C) direct mail&#10;D) phishing

Accepted Answer

Direct mail refers to the practice of sending physical letters or printed materials directly to prospective supporters or customers. This method of advertising tends to be more targeted and personalized than other forms of mass advertising, such as broadcast advertising or pop-up ads. Phishing is a completely different practice used to deceive people into giving up personal information, and is not related to campaign advertising.

Question 5

An advantage of using the broadcast media to run campaign ads is that:&#10;A) they are particularly good at reaching specialized, targeted audiences&#10;B) they are an efficient means to reach large numbers of people&#10;C) their use is inexpensive&#10;D) they communicate different messages to different groups of people

Accepted Answer

Broadcast media such as TV and radio have the ability to reach a large audience efficiently, making it a cost-effective way to disseminate campaign ads to the masses. Specialized targeting can be achieved through other means such as digital media. Option A is incorrect because it refers to specialized targeting, which is not a strong advantage of broadcast media. Option C is also incorrect because running ads on broadcast media can be quite expensive, particularly during peak viewing times. Option D is not a strong advantage because campaign ads typically have a singular message they want to communicate, rather than different messages for different groups of people.

Question 6

Urging social media friends to share campaign news is an example of:&#10;A) viral marketing&#10;B) a very expensive campaign technique&#10;C) ineffective campaigning&#10;D) push polling

Accepted Answer

Sharing campaign news through social media friends can help spread the message quickly and at a low cost, making it an example of viral marketing.

Question 7

House-to-house canvassing and phone calls that permit communication with a selected group of people is known as:&#10;A) broadcasting&#10;B) viral marketing&#10;C) direct mail&#10;D) the ground war

Accepted Answer

House-to-house canvassing and phone calls are both examples of direct voter contact, which is part of the ground game or ground war strategy. The other options listed are different marketing strategies that do not involve direct communication with a selected group of people.

Question 8

During the past few national election campaigns:&#10;A) both the Democrats and the Republicans have won &#34;wave&#34; elections&#10;B) Democrats have consistently won more congressional seats&#10;C) Republicans have consistently won majorities in both houses of Congress&#10;D) candidates have relied less frequently on big databases to mobilize voters

Accepted Answer

Both Democrats and Republicans have won "wave" elections in recent national election campaigns. This means that one party won a significant number of seats in Congress and gained control of either the House or the Senate. For example, in the 2010 midterms, Republicans won a wave election and gained control of the House of Representatives, while in the 2018 midterms, Democrats won a wave election and gained control of the House. This trend shows that neither party has consistently dominated in recent elections.

Question 9

Which of the following is true with respect to whether campaigns affect election results?&#10;A) Canvassing has not been found to affect turnout.&#10;B) Campaigning is directed primarily at changing people's previous opinions.&#10;C) Canvassing has a small but potentially meaningful effect on turnout.&#10;D) Campaign debates have not been found to affect election results.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that canvassing, or going door-to-door to encourage people to vote, can have a small but significant impact on voter turnout. Other campaign tactics, such as advertising and direct mail, may also have some effect on voter turnout and persuasion, but the overall impact is often difficult to measure. While debates may generate media coverage and attention, studies have found that they typically have only a limited impact on election outcomes.

Question 10

Bringing supporters to a central location with telephones to dial lists of numbers identified by the campaign's micro-targeting is known as:&#10;A) push polling&#10;B) phone banking&#10;C) robo-calling&#10;D) canvassing

Accepted Answer

The activity described is phone banking, where supporters are brought to a central location and use telephones to dial lists of numbers identified by the campaign's micro-targeting. Push polling refers to a deceptive form of polling used to spread negative information about an opponent, robo-calling refers to automated calls made by a computer system, and canvassing involves going door-to-door to meet and persuade voters.

Question 11

Attack messages disguised as public opinion calls, often done as part of a robo-call, are known as:&#10;A) micro-targeting&#10;B) push polling&#10;C) phone banks&#10;D) the &#34;air war&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attack messages disguised as public opinion calls,...

Question 12

After individuals have made their vote choices, attack ads are more likely to:&#10;A) depress turnout, especially among people who are not strong partisans&#10;B) cause voters to change their minds about which candidate to support&#10;C) encourage turnout, especially among people who are not strong partisans&#10;D) have no effect on turnout

Accepted Answer

The answer of After individuals have made their vote choices,...

Question 13

Midterm (congressional) election voters are more likely to be:&#10;A) white, younger, and less affluent than those who vote in the general election&#10;B) female, younger, and less affluent than those who vote in the general election&#10;C) about the same as general election voters&#10;D) white, older, and wealthier than those who vote in the general election

Accepted Answer

The answer of Midterm (congressional) election voters are more likely...

Question 14

Which of the following has been found to be more effective in activating voters than phone contact?&#10;A) Campaign mailings.&#10;B) Door-to-door canvassing.&#10;C) Push-polling.&#10;D) None of the above has been found to be effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has been found...

Question 15

One important effect of candidate-centered campaigns is that:&#10;A) candidates are less able to make their own decisions on campaign strategies&#10;B) the party organization has a very minimal role in candidates' campaigns&#10;C) less money is needed to run effective campaigns&#10;D) candidates are free to form alliances with interest groups, which enhance the ability of these groups to influence public policy

Accepted Answer

The answer of One important effect of candidate-centered campaigns is...

Question 16

The use of text messaging by campaigns&#10;A) is very infrequent, because it is so expensive.&#10;B) is directed primarily at younger voters.&#10;C) is limited because it can't be anonymous.&#10;D) Is not permitted in federal elections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of text messaging by campaigns&#10;A)...

Question 17

Donald Trump's winning the Republican presidential nomination in 2016 shows that:&#10;A) party leaders control the nominating process in both parties.&#10;B) congressional party leaders control the nominating process in both parties.&#10;C) party leaders' endorsements don't always determine primary voters' choices.&#10;D) superdelegates are a powerful force in the Republican Party.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Donald Trump's winning the Republican presidential nomination...

Question 18

Define each of the following and briefly explain why it is relevant to the study of political parties.&#10;-Micro-targeting.

Accepted Answer