Deck 13: Mental Health

Question 1

Women have higher rates of ______ while men have higher rates of ______.

A) substance abuse disorders; impulse-control
B) anxiety disorders; depression
C) eating disorders; substance abuse disorders
D) all of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Women, compared to men, have higher rates of:

A) eating disorders
B) depression
C) anxiety disorders
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Research on coping behaviors shows that females are more likely than males to ________ when stressed.

A) withdraw from others
B) consume alcohol
C) help others
D) incite conflict

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Key factors associated with good mental health include:

A) internalizing one's problems
B) social support
C) optimism
D) b and c

Question 5

An optimistic outlook has been linked to:

A) longer life
B) protection from some of the health risks associated with depression
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 6

Being optimistic has been linked to:

A) Positive mental health, but is unrelated to physical health
B) Positive physical health, but is unrelated to mental health
C) Both positive mental and physical health
D) Neither positive mental health nor positive physical health

Question 7

Which of the following is/are true?

A) Girls show more adjustment problems than boys in childhood.
B) Girls are more likely than boys to show psychological difficulties during adolescence.
C) In adolescence, girls are more likely than boys to show externalizing disorders.
D) all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is not an example of an internalizing problem?

A) social withdrawal
B) depression
C) anxiety
D) conduct disorder

Question 9

Which of the following statements about adjustment problems is/are true?

A) Females are more likely to internalize and males to externalize their problems
B) Girls who externalize are more likely than other girls to have adjustment difficulties in adulthood
C) Internalizing disorders are harder to detect than are externalizing disorders
D) all of the above

Question 10

According to the text, about ____ of female adolescents and young adults in the U. S. and Western Europe suffer from anorexia nervosa.

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 11

Melissa is 13 years old and has lost about 25 percent of her body's normal weight, yet she feels she is much too fat. She is manifesting symptoms of:

A) bulimia nervosa
B) anorexia nervosa
C) amenorrhea
D) conduct disorder

Question 12

Medical consequences of anorexia nervosa can include:

A) extremely low blood pressure.
B) osteoporosis.
C) fertility problems.
D) all of the above

Question 13

In addition to weight loss, anorexics also often experience cessation of menstruation called:

A) early menopause
B) menarche
C) amenorrhea
D) dysmenorrhea

Question 14

The onset of anorexia typically occurs in:

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) early adulthood
D) middle adulthood

Question 15

All of the following are characteristics of anorexia nervosa in women except:

A) Episodes of binge eating followed by purging
B) Intense fear of gaining weight
C) Distorted perception of body size
D) Loss of menstrual periods

Question 16

For a person with bulimia nervosa, purging includes all but which one of the following?

A) self-induced vomiting
B) light fasting
C) excessive use of laxatives
D) vigorous exercise

Question 17

The typical onset of bulimia nervosa occurs in:

A) childhood.
B) late adolescence.
C) early adulthood.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 18

Which of the following is/are true of binge eating disorder?

A) It is the least common eating disorder.
B) Sex differences are more pronounced for this disorder than for other eating disorders.
C) It is often associated with obesity.
D) It has a later onset than other eating disorders

Question 19

Anorexic women have low levels of the brain chemical:

A) norepinephrine
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) enkephalin

Question 20

Which of the following is/are risk factor(s) for one or more eating disorders?

A) sexual or physical abuse
B) low self-esteem, strong need for approval, and perceived lack of control in one's life
C) parental overemphasis on achievement and appearance
D) all of the above

Question 21

In North America, the incidence of eating disorders among female athletes is ____________ the general population of girls and young women.

A) much lower than
B) slightly lower than
C) the same as
D) much greater than

Question 22

Sarah, a 13-year-old gymnast, is 5 feet tall and weighs 90 pounds. She diets frequently, has not yet experienced menarche and was recently diagnosed with thinning bones. Sarah has a condition known as:

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) dyslexia nervosa.
C) female athlete triad.
D) "gymnasts' disease."

Question 23

Which of the following statements about treatment of eating disorders is not true?

A) Eating disorders are difficult to cure.
B) Psychoanalytic therapy tends to be more effective than other forms.
C) Treated anorexic girls and women often continue to have disturbed attitudes toward weight.
D) Treatment for anorexia nervosa is less successful than treatment for bulimia nervosa.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is/are true of individuals with anorexia?

A) Typically fewer than half fully recover.
B) Approximately 10 to 20 percent remain chronically ill.
C) About 5 to 10 percent are deceased.
D) all of the above

Question 25

Which of the following is/are true of individuals with binge eating disorder?

A) They have a less favorable prognosis than individuals with anorexia or bulimia.
B) The recovery rate is about 80 percent five years after treatment.
C) The relapse rate is high.
D) all of the above

Question 26

Which of the following women tend to have the highest rates of alcohol use?

A) Asian Americans
B) Blacks
C) Whites
D) Latinas

Question 27

Which of the following statements about women and alcohol is true?

A) Women's alcoholism, compared to men's, begins later but progresses more rapidly.
B) Female high schoolers are more likely to be current drinkers than male high schoolers.
C) College women now are nearly as likely as college men to binge drink.
D) all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is not associated with an increased likelihood of alcoholism for women?

A) depression
B) sexual abuse
C) marriage
D) having an alcoholic parent

Question 29

Which of the following statements about treatment for alcohol problems is/are true?

A) Heavy drinking is often seen as normal in men but is strongly criticized in women.
B) Women are more likely than men to seek help for alcohol problems.
C) Physicians give more advice and information to female than to male problem drinkers.
D) all of the above

Question 30

Which of the following is not true?

A) Adolescent males are more likely than adolescent females to abuse drugs.
B) In the U.S., illegal drug use is more accepted for females than males.
C) Women are more likely than men to misuse prescription drugs.
D) Drug use is greater among Native American women than among other groups of women.

Question 31

Among women, which ethnic group has the lowest rate of illegal drug use?

A) Asian Americans
B) Latinas
C) Blacks
D) Whites

Question 32

Which of the following substances is used more often by males than by females?

A) marijuana
B) hallucinogens
C) cocaine
D) all of the above

Question 33

In recent years, 8^th and 10^th grade girls have shown higher rates of drug use than males for:

A) inhalants
B) tranquilizers
C) amphetamines
D) all of the above

Question 34

Women, compared to men, have higher rates of:

A) personality disorders
B) panic disorders
C) substance abuse disorders
D) alcoholism

Question 35

Which of the following is/are true of a specific phobia?

A) Some time in their lives, about one-third of women develop a specific phobia.
B) A specific phobia usually develops in early adulthood.
C) Agoraphobia is an example of a specific phobia.
D) Panic disorder is an example of a specific phobia.

Question 36

Which of the following psychological disorders is/are more frequent among women than men?

A) specific phobia
B) agoraphobia
C) depression
D) all of the above

Question 37

One biological factor that is linked to depression is a low level of:

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) serotonin
D) dopamine

Question 38

According to the ruminative style theory of depression, women are more likely than men to

A) censor their self-expression and defer to the needs of others.
B) feel helpless and powerless.
C) focus on inner feelings and analyze the causes of their depression.
D) have more stressful lives.

Question 39

Several theories have been offered to explain why women are more likely than men to suffer from depression. Which of the following is not one of these theories?

A) a ruminative style of dealing with depression can accentuate a depressed mood.
B) Women are more likely than men to experience stressful events in their lives.
C) The less powerful role experienced by women than men can lead to depression.
D) Women have more of the neurochemical serotonin than men.

Question 40

Which of the following is/are not true?

A) Many depressed elderly individuals do not receive treatment for the disease.
B) Depression is a normal condition in the elderly because of the medical, financial or family difficulties and losses that come with age.
C) Older adults do not always experience the classic symptoms of depression.
D) Having an ill spouse is linked to depression for women, but not men.

Question 41

Which of the following is true regarding suicide and attempted suicide in the U.S.?

A) Men are more likely than women to commit suicide, whereas women are more likely to attempt it.
B) Women are more likely than men to commit suicide, whereas men are more likely to attempt it.
C) Women and men are equally likely to commit suicide.
D) Women and men are equally likely to attempt suicide.

Question 42

Which is/are true of suicide?

A) At all ages, women have a higher suicide rate than men.
B) Suicide is the leading cause of death among females between the ages of 15 and 44.
C) Black women have lower suicide rates than other women.
D) all of the above

Question 43

Which is true of suicide across cultures?

A) Men are more likely than women to commit suicide.
B) Unemployment is more strongly associated with suicide among men than among women.
C) For women, low social and economic status is associated with high suicide rates.
D) all of the above

Question 44

Which of the following is/are true?

A) Bisexual women and men show higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders than do other sexual minority groups.
B) Sexual minorities are much more likely than heterosexuals to seek psychological counseling.
C) Sexual minority teens, compared to heterosexual teens, have higher rates of poor school performance, running away from home, and substance abuse.
D) all of the above

Question 45

Which of the following statements about aging and psychological health is/are true?

A) The psychological health of women tends to worsen as they age.
B) The gender gap in depression increases with age as women become more depressed and men become less depressed.
C) Older women show fewer negative emotions, greater well-being, and more emotional control than younger women.
D) all of the above

Question 46

Key components of a purposeful life for older women include:

A) caring family and friends.
B) independence.
C) meaningful activities.
D) all of the above

Question 47

Which is true of gender bias in psychological diagnosis?

A) anxiety is more likely to be diagnosed and treated when it occurs in men than in women.
B) antisocial behavior is more likely to be diagnosed and treated when it occurs in women than in men.
C) "healthy women" are viewed differently than "healthy adults".
D) all of the above.

Question 48

Gender bias in psychotherapy may take the form of:

A) fostering traditional gender roles.
B) telling sexist jokes.
C) not taking violence against women seriously.
D) all of the above

Question 49

Feminist therapy stresses that:

A) societal stressors contribute women's psychological problems.
B) for therapy to be effective, the therapist must be viewed as more powerful than the client.
C) the only way women can feel psychologically secure is to conform to traditional gender roles.
D) all of the above.

Question 50

Discuss gender difference in the use of social support for maintaining good mental health.

Question 51

Discuss the major factors contributing to the increased prevalence of eating disorders in women during the past 20 years?

Question 52

What characteristics place some young women more at risk for developing eating disorders?

Question 53

Explain why women with physical disabilities tend to have an elevated risk for eating disorders.

Question 54

What are some of the factors that increase women's risk of developing alcohol-related problems?

Question 55

Discuss the gender gap in substance abuse and give one explanation for it.

Question 56

Discuss the symptoms of panic disorder and specific phobias. Indicate possible reasons for the higher incidence of these disorders in women than men.

Question 57

Discuss research findings that suggest the existence of gender bias in the diagnosis of psychological disorders.

Question 58

Describe the theories offered to explain the gender difference in depression.

Question 59

Why is depression sometimes underdiagnosed and untreated among the elderly?

Question 60

Discuss gender differences in depression and suicide among the elderly.

Question 61

What factors can explain why sexual minorities are more likely than heterosexuals to seek psychological care?

Question 62

Discuss fulfillment in later life. Indicate characteristics of women who adjust well and describe activities associated with fulfillment during this life stage.

Question 63

What are the major differences between traditional psychotherapy and feminist therapy?